ACT Past Papers with Answers

Paper 34

ACT April 2016

Form 73E · Reading Test · 40 questions

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Paper 34 · ACT April 2016 · Form 73E · Reading Test

Source question 1. Refer to the source image.

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AChoice A — see source imageBChoice B — see source imageCChoice C — see source imageDChoice D — see source image

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Paper 34 · ACT April 2016 · Form 73E · Reading Test

The narrator characterizes herself as coming only 'fairly clean" (line 68) with her paients because she: baseball. a dorEnitory wall. ACT-73E 31 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. Passage 11 one collapses. People crowd around to help, and some 55 agents will even remember if they recently saw a police officer nearby, and run to get help, he says. Such real- ism is useful in the development of automated closed- circuit television security systems. Using reaI cameras for such research would i.aise privacy concerns, so he is 60 making agent simulations available instead to researchers who (lre training c£llneras to detect unusual behaviour. Another intiiguing application is to help archaeologists study ancient ruins. Using a model of the Great Temple of Petra in Jordan, Terzopoulos has eval- 65 uated how it would have been used by the people who built it. He has concluded that the temple's capacity had previoiisly been greatly overestimated. SOCIAL SCIENCE: This passage is adapted from the artlcle °Model B8haviour" by The EGonomist {@2009 by The Econo- mlst Newspaper Limlted), The warrllollgeiing ores depicted in the Lord of the Rings trilogy are evil, unpleasant creatures that leave death and destruction in their wake. But if you find yourself in a burning building a few years from now, 5 they might jlTSt save your life. That is because the tech- nology used to make hordes of these menacing, computer-gencrated monsters move convincingly on screen turns out to be just what is needed to predict how crowds of humans move around inside buildings. The Iimulation of the behaviour of crowds of people and swarms of allimals (not just mythological ones) is being applied to many unusual situations. 10 Agents need not even represent humans. Massive has been working with BMT Asia Pacific, a marine 70 consultancy, to model the behaviour of the thousands of ships'operating in Hong Kong harbour. This involves simulating the behaviour of the ships themselves, each of which may be linder the control of several people, says Richard Colwill of BMT. And rather than assum- 75 ing that everyone will adhere to the maritime traffic code, which determines who has right of way, it can incorporate acts of bravado and incompetence. "We get about 150 collisions each year in Hong Kong,, says Colwill. His firni plans to use the software to determine 80 which traffic-management strategies will be least dis- riiptive during the collstruction of an immersed road tunnel that will need to be lowered into the harbour. When the first film in the Lord of the Rings trilogy was released in 2001, much was made of its heavy 15 reliance on computer-generated imagery. But what was perhaps most impressive wcre tILe epic battle scenes, which broke new ground in special effects by showing huge numbers of characters with an unprecedented degree of detail and realism. For this the trilogy's direc- 20 tor, Peter Jackson, largely has Stephen Regelous to thank. Regeloiis is the founder of Massive Software, based in Aiickland, New Zealand. His firm's software rnade it possible to generate as many as half a million virtual actors in a single shot, each behaving in an inde- 25 pendent and plausible manner. As agent softW<lre becomes better able to capture complex real-world behaviour, other uses for it are sure 85 to emerge. Indeed, this could soon become a crowded field. That is because every character was, in effect, given a brain, says Diane Holland, Massive's chief execiitive. Each one was Jnodeled as a software "agent" with its own desires, needs and goals, and the ability to 30 ,perceive the environment and respond to the immediate surroundings in a believable way. Any given orc, for example, could work out which other fighters on the battlefield were in its line of sight, and hence whether it should flee or attack. This produced far more realistic 35 results than orchestrating the motions of the digital extras in a scripted, choreographed way. Taking a similar approach is Dr. Demetri Terzopoulos, a computer scientist at the University of California in Los Angeles. He is using agents to simu- 40 late the behaviour of commuters passing through Penn- sylvani& Station in New York. His agents have memory, but they also have a sense of time and the ability to plan ahead. An agent entering the station will typically seek out the ticket oftice, stand in line to buy a ticket, 45 and then perhaps kill some time watching a street per- fornier if he has a few minutes before his train alves, says Terzopoulos. If he is rinIng late, by contrast, he may try to push his way to the front of the ticket line before sprinting for the platform.

Adidn't tell them right away about her glove.Bhad been using hei" sister's tennis balls to practiceCdidn't tell them at first thclt she owned a hardball.Dhad been practlcing throwing a tennis ball against

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Paper 34 · ACT April 2016 · Form 73E · Reading Test

According to the passage, the director of the Lord of the Rings trilogy owes thanks to which of the follow- ing people? ACT-73E 33 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. Passage 111 50 captiired in its production values. Anthony Ward's pxc- turesque set immediately submeTges us in a gorgeous world of folk innocence. HUMANITIES: Passage A Is adapted from lh8 article "Am8ri¢a. Am@rica: Two Plays about the Country's Complexltles" by Hllton Als (¢)2010 by Condé Nastl. Passage B is adapt8d from th8 article "O.K. Chorale: An English Take on Rodgers and Hammer3teln" by John Lahr l(@2002 by Condé Nast). In the making of musicals, Nunn is a foiir-star gen- eral. His stage pictures spill over with meticulous, artic- 55 ulale energy. But technique, which can make the show work, is not enough to make it wonderful. Here, I think, the issue of cultural chemistry comes into play. Ameri- can optimism has its root in abundance and in the vast- ness of the land that Oklahomal celebrates. Britain, on 60 the other hand, is all Lsland the size of Utah. Its culture is one of sc&rcity' its preferred idiom is irony-a lan- guage of limits. In the retranslation of an award- winning English version of an American classic to its natural Broadway habitat, an emotional lopsidedness 65 has become evident, particularly in the casting. Passage A by Hilton Als Molly Smith. the artistic director of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., directed the company's current revival of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II'S first musical collaboration, OklahoTlla I Smith's produc- 5 tion is extraordinary in thought and execution and utterly satisfyillg on so many levels. Smith's conceit is entirely oliginal.. instead of taking this nearly perfect show at face value, she has dug back into the history of Oklahoma itself. Sold to the United States as part of the 10 1803 Louisiana Purchase, Oklahoma was opened for settlement in 1889. By the time it became a state, eigh- teen years later, the Territory, as it was known, was populated by white settlers from other parts of the country, as well as a number of emancipated slaves and 15 foi'cibly resettled Native Americalls, who braved drought, harsh economic times, and often brutal and complicated racial interactions to make the Territory their home. The linchpins of the show are Aunt Eller, played by the gritty, droll comedienne Andiea Martin, who is American and nails it, and the feisty lovelorn Laurey, played by the fine-voiced, demure Josefina Gabrielle. 70 who is English and doesn't. It's not talent that's at issue here-Gabrielle is the first Laurey to dance her own Dream Ballet-but national character. The show is about Western women, and Gabrielle's Laurey lacks that very Iktnerican sense of gumption, a combination 75 of buoyancy and backbone. Smith doesn't explain any of this in her produc- 20 tion-who would rewrite Rodgers and Hammerstein?_ but it shows in her casting. As in tlie original Broadway production, which opened in 1943, there ale no stars onstage. Smith raises the roof not so much with "color- blind" casting as by paying attention to how the charac- 25 ters might have looked if they were actual Oklahomans of the period. The wondeiful Aunt Bller (E. Faye Butler) and her niece, Laurey (the buoyant and complex Eleasha Gamble), are black, while Laurey's suitor, Ciirly (the outstanding Nicholas Ro(Iriguez), could be 30 taken for Native Americall. This deviation from stan- dard casting brings a new force to the musical-which itself changed musicals forever by introducing nlot and narrative deveIopment into what had previously been considered a frivolous genre. Altogether, the actors 35 secm relieved to be not segregated in black or white shows but together in an utterly Arnerican one. In his memoir. "Miisical Stages,, Richard Rodgers averred that the show's opening scene-a cowboy strolling onto the stage where a single woman is churn- ing biitter-announced to the auclience, "Watch out! 80 This is a differellt kind of musical., He went on to say, "Everything in the production was made to conform to the simple open-air spirit of the story. this was essen- tial, and certainly a rarity in the musical theatre., Trevor Nunn's version of Oklahomal preserves the 85 crowd-pleasing commeicial zest of the original; but on the evening I saw the show only a handful of audience members stood to applaud the hardworking cast, con- firming my suspicion that the open-air spirit of the evening had been slowly leached away. The afternoon I saw Oklahomal it was clear that the members of the audience didn't feel overwhelmed by a "classic", instead, they were as moved as I was by 40 the humility and hope that Smith and her company brought to the show. Questions 21-23 ask about Passage A. Passage B by John Lahr

ADemetri TerzopoulosBDiane HollandCStephen RegelousDRichard Colwill

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Paper 34 · ACT April 2016 · Form 73E · Reading Test

Unlike the last paragraph of Passage B, the last para- graph of Passage A: the production. minimizes the director's role in the prodiiction's outcome. conveys appreciation for the director and cast of the production. conjure up a state with a history of settlement sim- ilar to Oklahonia's. suggest how small Britain is COTnpared to the United States. colljure up a wide-open landscape. suggest that the story told in Oklahomal pertains to other st¢Trtes. ACT.73E 35 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. Passage IV 55 Wyoming. Gehrz and his colleagues discovered that, though the star's oveiall brightness and temperature have changed dramatically thi.ough the years, carbon dust from the surface of FG Sagittae has been shining mole or less steadily at a temperature of about 60 1,200 degrees F (650 degrees Celsiiis). That's roughly hot enough to melt aluminum, but substantially cooler than the core of any star undei"goiiig active nuclear fusion. Gehrz and his colleagues conclude that, besides giving rise to clouds of obsciiring gas, FG Sagittae is 65 powering a strong stellar wind peppered with this carbon dust. They think this dust has been glowing con- tinuously for the past decade. On the basis of the mea- siired amount of emitted infrared radiation, Gehrz's team estimates that the wind is carrying between 15 70 1.5 and 7.5 quadrillion (1.5 to 7.5 x 10 ) tons of stellar material away from FG Sagittae each second-or about eight to forty Earth masses each year. NATURAL SCIENCE: This passage is adapted from tho artlcle 'Not D9ad Yet: A Dying Star Is Caught Flaring Briefly Back to Life by Charles Liu (@2005 by Natural Hlstory Magazine, Inc,). About a billion years before a sunlike star "dies," or stops generating energy via nuclear fiision, it becomes a red giant, growing dramatically to a, hundred times its original diameter, Then, as the red-giant phase 5 ends, the star blows off its outer layers, giving rise to an expanding gas cloud called a planetary nebula. The planetary nebula, in turn, swells in size and drops in density for at most another 100,000 years, exposing the remaining stellar core at its center. That core becomes a 10 white dwarf-tbe most commoll celestial cadaver visi- ble in the sky.lThe white dwarf usually radiates its left- over heat into space for billions of years, and it slowly fades to black. Sooner rather than later the current burst of new nuclear fusion will cease, and the dusty stellar wind 75 will cease. The stellar core, no longer obscuied by a thick, dusty blanket, will turn once more into a hot white dwarf. If, as theoretical models predict, the stellar renaissance of FG Sagittae lasts a few hundred years, the wind will deposit thousands of Earth-masses, worth 80 of carbon-rich matter into thé star's surroundings. The carbon atoms, as they cool down, could become seeds for the buildup of interstellar dust grains-which, in turn, could seed the formation of asteroids, moons, planet5, and perhaps eventually even life as we know it. 85 Maybe the astronomers of the twenty-fourth oi" twenty- frfth century will loolc toWd FG Sagittae and see, in its surroundings, the potential makings of a new and distant earth. Some soon-to-be white dwarfs, however, seem lo 15 heed the counsel of poet Dylan Thomas: "Do not go gentle into that good night." According to the theory of stellar evolution, the temperature in the stellar core can fluctuate wildly, and sometimes spikes as high as tens of millions of degrees. For a little while at least, the 20 core may even flicker back into stellar life as a giant star, generating new energy with ncw flares of nuclear fusion. Alas, such a giant can't last long, because the core is, in essence, running on fumes. Without a substantial 25 fuel source to sustain fusion, a nuclear re-ignition of this kind runs out of gas within a few centuries, and the star heads back toward white dwarfhood. But during its bricf return to fusion-powered life, its interaction with the surrounding cloud of gas creates a fascinating astro- 30 nomical laboratory for the study of stellar and interstel- lar processes. The star FG Sagittae, a highly variable 8Éar in the constellation Sagitta, seems to be a case in point. FG Sagittae lies at the heart of a planetary nebula caIled 35 He 1-5. In the past thirty years the star's temperature ha8 dropped from more than 30,000 degrees Fahrenheit to less than 10,000 degrees, though its brightness has changed erratically from yeai. to year. As with an old, grease-choked diesel engine struggling to start back up, 40 the star's efforts to restart nuclear fusion create puffs of thick smoke-carbon atoms coughed up from the fading stellar COTe. The smoke absorbs the star's radiat- ing heat and periodically obscures the visible tight it emits. To see through the haze and examine the goings- 45 on near the star's surface, astronomers must look at its radiation in less obscured wavelengths, Such as infrared light.

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Afocuses on the audience's reaction to the production.Bbluntly expresses the author's disappointment inCChoice H — see source imageDChoice J — see source image

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Paper 34 · ACT April 2016 · Form 73E · Reading Test

According to the passage, if theoretical models are accurate, the Stell renaissance of FG Sagittae will last for a period of time best described as: a few hundred years. END OFTEST 3 STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. DO NOT RETURN TO A PREVIOUS TEST. ACT-73E 37 ÀÇƩîıxƉ|iGÄ«Ʃ÷ƊiG|ĲŢxGƩ ÛâøÞÚüãóïúÒƩý Ʃ Ʃ ~ ,Ʃ- * Ʃ+Ʃ + Ʃ Ʃ ß # Ʃ-ą *Ʃ+ ƩD ŉ, 0ƩhMƩ ~ ,ƩyJ + %Ʃ×DƩ =Ć0ĳ*Ʃ Ʃ- *Ʃ# Ʃ Ʃh Ʃ Ř Ʃ Ʃ # Ʃ yJ + Ʃ ęƩ ĥŁŊ,Ʃ ĴƩ Ʃ# - 0+*Ʃ Ə ńƩ ƩM JƩ Ɣ=Ʃ0 #6ōƀƩā 6ƩŎ MƩ=DƩ ƩĭƩ- * Ʃ Ʃ ĪƩ Ʃđ ŻƩ Ă 6Ʃ ƩðôþƩ-ŏŅƥ0 Ʃ6 Ʃ Ʃ# ,#6, =Ʃ Ʃ ĵ Ʃ Ʃ ögżŽgīĜƩäƩ cćƁĮƩĘ2ƩƩħ Ʃ"ƩEƩƂţƃĈņƩžŤŋČŭƩĶŮŷčĚķƙ ĉřĒĝƩ.:få7ƩIƩƩƩ>m EƩkƩĩvƩpŹƩ ƩƩ ĸL Ʃ ĎƩ cƩƩƋƩƩƩƩ4Ħ Ʃ éƩ¿@Ʃ KƩĞē Ʃ>Ʃ ƩƩ4ƩƩ:fæƩƩƩ ƚ 2Ʃê ƩõĔƩ2 ƩLƩƩƄƩ çƩ'ƩƩB ŚƩ sƩ IƩIƩ Ʃ"Ʃ m ƩƩEƩ2 śƩƩ Ʃ!Ʃ Ʃ>Ʃ<Ɨ ƩĨŪůƩ "ƩOb?ƩŰťĬƩ .ñ7Ʃ Ʃ<!ĹƩOap7AƩ:Ʃz ŜƩ"ƕƩ!ƩƩbƩòƩ Ʃ aq@Ʃ Ɛ<@Ʃn ƅ ƩƩƇƩƩƩŦ Ʃ ű ƑPƩĊ ƩƩĢƩ <ƩƩ.ƩŲğƩŧƩ r!7ƩƩƩ Ʃ:Ʃ ƌrƩƩ>Ʃ ŝƩƩ nk%Ʃ ƩƩ !ĠƩ . 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Use the table below to convert your raw scores to scale scores. For each test, locate and circle your raw score or the range of raw scores that includes it in the table below. Then. read across to either outside column of the table and circle the scale score that corr8sponds to that raw score. As you determine your scale scores, enter them in the blanks provided on the rlght. The highest possible scale score for each test is

Source page for act-april-2016-form-73e-reading-040

Abetween 10,000 and 30,000 years.Bapproximately 100,000 years.Cbillions of years.DChoice J — see source image

Form 73E · Reading Test · 40 questions

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