1Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestAccording to Figure 3, the average Rn concentration in June 2008 at Site 3 was closest in value to the average Rn concentration in July 2009 at which of the follow- ing sites?ASite 1BSite 4CSite 5DSite 8
2Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestWhich of the following expressions best shows the direction of the flow of soil gas through the apparatus shown in Figure 2 ?ATeflon tube → pump → Rn detectorBTeflon tube → Rn detector → pumpCPump → Rn detector → Teflon tubeDPump → Teflon tube → Rn detector
3Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestConsider the site having the second-largest vertical displacement in Figure 1. According to Figure 3, the average Rn concentration at that site in Decem- ber 2008 was approximately: . . . .A04 kBq/m3B08 kBq/m3C12 kBq/m3D16 kBq/m3
4Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on Figure 3, the average Rn concentration increased between June 2008 and December 2008 at how many of the sites?A3B4C5D6
5Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestWhich of the following statements best summarizes the December 2008 data for Sites 4−8 ? As distance from the epicenter increased, average Rn concentration:Aincreased only.Bdecreased only.Cincreased, then decreased.Ddecreased, then increased.
6Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on the description of the sites, what was the minimum possible distance along the fault line between Site 1 and Site 5 ?A025 kmB075 kmC100 kmD175 km
7Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestAssume that for each Teflon tube, the top of the tube was 1 cm above the surface of the soil and the other end of the tube was at the bottom of the hole. What was the length, in centimeters, of each tube? 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Site average Rn concentration (kBq/m 3 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Key June 2008 Dec. 2008 July 2009 39 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ACT-G20 4 4 www.actexam.net www.crackab.com Passage II The speed of a projectile can be estimated with the use of a ballistic pendulum. A ballistic pendulum consists of a block of wood suspended from a string. A projectile strikes the block and becomes embedded in it. As a result, the block swings upward, reaching a maximum height, h, which depends on the mass of the block, M, the mass of the projectile, m, and the speed of the projectile at impact, v (see Figure 1). Figure 1 In each of 12 trials, a projectile impacted with a block, h was measured, and v was then calculated (see Table 1). m M v prior to impact of projectile block (with embedded projectile) at maximum height h Table 1 Trial M (kg) m (kg) h (m) v (m/s) 01 1.00 0.010 0.0050 32 02 1.00 0.010 0.0100 45 03 1.00 0.010 0.0150 55 04 1.00 0.010 0.0200 63 05 1.00 0.020 0.0200 32 06 1.00 0.030 0.0200 21 07 1.00 0.040 0.0200 16 08 1.00 0.050 0.0200 13 09 1.10 0.020 0.0200 35 10 1.20 0.020 0.0200 38 11 1.30 0.020 0.0200 41 12 1.40 0.020 0.0200 44 40 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ACT-G20 4 4 www.actexam.net www.crackab.comA79 cmB80 cmC81 cmDCannot be determined from the given information
8Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on Trials 1−4, as v increased, h:Aincreased only.Bdecreased only.Cincreased and then decreased.Ddecreased and then increased.
9Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestWhat was the absolute value of the difference between the projectile’s speed in Trial 1 and the projectile’s speed in Trial 10 ?A02 m/sB06 m/sC08 m/sD10 m/s
10Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestSuppose that a trial had been performed in which M was 1.00 kg and m was 0.060 kg. If the resulting value of h were 0.020 m, v would most likely have been clos- est to which of the following?A06 m/sB10 m/sC16 m/sD20 m/s
11Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestWhat was the independent variable in Trials 9−12 ?AMBmChDv
12Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestThe maximum gravitational potential energy, GPE, of the wooden block containing the projectile is given by the equation: GPE = (M + m) × g × h where g is the acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface. For which trial was GPE greatest?ATrial 4BTrial 6CTrial 8DTrial 12
13Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestIn Trial 1, what was M in grams ? 41 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ACT-G20 4 4 www.actexam.net www.crackab.com Passage III Saturn’s moons are classified into groups. Groups 1−4 have a total of 46 moons. Each moon’s orbit can be described by its inclination angle, i, its semimajor axis, a, and its eccentricity, e, as illustrated in the 3 panels of Figure 1. Figure 1 In Figures 2 and 3, i and e, respectively, are plotted against a for each of the 46 moons in Groups 1−4. Moons with positive i orbit Saturn counterclockwise; moons with negative i orbit Saturn clockwise. Figure 2 Figure 3 a (× 109 m) i (degrees)A000,1.00B00,10.0C0,100D1,000
14Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestFor which of the following moons is the semimajor axis closest to 1 billion meters?AEnceladusBDioneCTitanDIapetus
15Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on Figures 1 and 3, the majority of the moons in Groups 1−4 have orbits that are which shape: circular or elliptical? an orbit for which e = 0. an orbit for which 0 < e < 1. an orbit for which e = 0. an orbit for which 0 < e < 1.ACircular, because most of the plotted moons haveBCircular, because most of the plotted moons haveCElliptical, because most of the plotted moons haveDElliptical, because most of the plotted moons have
16Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestThere is a Group 4 moon with an orbital energy more similar to those of Group 1 moons than to those of the other Group 4 moons. What is the approximate orbital energy of this moon? J J J JA1026B1028C1030D1032
17Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on Figures 2 and 3, for which of the ranges listed below are there no moons plotted? I. i between +10° and +30° II. a between 5 × 109 m and 10 × 109 m III. e between 0.5 and 0.7AII onlyBIII onlyCI and II onlyDI, II, and III
18Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on Figures 2 and 4, each moon that has an incli- nation angle greater than +30° has an orbital energy that is within which of the following ranges of values? J to 1024 J J to 1026 J J to 1026 J J to 1028 JA1022B1022C1024D1024
19Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestSuppose a new moon is discovered in orbit around Saturn and it is classified as a Group 3 moon. Based on Figure 3, which of the following pairs of values for a and e, respectively, most likely corresponds to the orbit of this moon? a (m) e 1022 1024 1026 1028 1030 Titan Hyperion 1032 1034 orbital energy (J) Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 43 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ACT-G20 4 4 www.actexam.net www.crackab.com Passage IV The horseshoe bat Rhinolophus mehelyi emits calls and uses the reflected sound waves for a variety of pur- poses, including determining orientation, detecting food, and communicating. Two studies were done to examine call frequency and mate choice in R. mehelyi. Study 1 Ninety R. mehelyi were collected from a single cave. A recording of each bat’s call was made when the bat was stationary. Each call was analyzed with an ultrasound detector to determine its peak frequency (the frequency at which the call is the loudest). Then the mass of each bat was determined and plotted versus its peak frequency, in kilohertz (kHz). Figure 1 shows the best-fit line obtained from that plot. Figure 1 Study 2 A 1 m3 box was divided into 2 equal compartments, each containing a speaker. A female R. mehelyi was placed on a listening perch in the box at a position equidistant from each speaker (see Figure 2). Figure 2 Figures 1 and 2 adapted from Sebastien J. Puechmaille et al., “Female Mate Choice Can Drive the Evolution of High Frequency Echolocation in Bats: A Case Study with Rhinolophus mehelyi.” ©2014 by PLOS ONE. In each of 12 trials with the female bat, a male R. mehelyi call having a low peak frequency (104 kHz) was played from one speaker and a male R. mehelyi call having a high peak frequency (112 kHz) was played from the other speaker. The peak frequencies of the recordings were adjusted to have the same volume. The bat was free to fly within the box. If the bat landed, the compartment in which the bat landed was recorded. For each trial, the calls (low or high peak frequency) were randomly assigned to the speakers. These procedures were repeated with 60 addi- tional female R. mehelyi. The results are listed in Table 1.A11 × 109 0.15B11 × 109 0.45C17 × 109 0.15D17 × 109 0.45
20Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestWhich of the following statements was most likely the hypothesis for Study 2 ? quency of the potential mates’ calls. the potential mates’ calls. quency of the potential mates’ calls. of the potential mates’ calls.AMales choose mates on the basis of the peak fre-BMales choose mates on the basis of the loudness ofCFemales choose mates on the basis of the peak fre-DFemales choose mates on the basis of the loudness
21Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestSuppose that the reproductive fitness of male R. mehe- lyi increases as the male attracts more females. Which of the following statements regarding peak frequency and reproductive fitness is consistent with the results of Study 2 ? Male R. mehelyi that emit calls with a peak frequency of: and have lower reproductive fitness than are male R. mehelyi that emit calls with a peak frequency of 112 kHz. and have higher reproductive fitness than are male R. mehelyi that emit calls with a peak frequency of 112 kHz. and have lower reproductive fitness than are male R. mehelyi that emit calls with a peak frequency of 104 kHz. and have higher reproductive fitness than are male R. mehelyi that emit calls with a peak frequency of 104 kHz. peak frequency (kHz) mass (g) 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 divider Compartment 1 Compartment 2 Speaker 1 Speaker 2 bat on listening perch Table 1 Total bat landings in the compartment that played a: low peak frequency call high peak frequency call 225 460 44 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ACT-G20 4 4 www.actexam.net www.crackab.comA104 kHz are more likely to attract more femalesB104 kHz are more likely to attract more femalesC112 kHz are more likely to attract more femalesD112 kHz are more likely to attract more females 109.5 109.0 108.5 108.0 107.5 107.0 106.5 106.0
22Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestConsider the design of Study 2. Which of the follow- ing procedures was most likely done to eliminate pref- erence based on the direction the call came from?AThe calls were played at different volumes.BThe calls were randomly assigned to the speakers.COnly female R. mehelyi calls were played.DOnly male R. mehelyi calls were played.
23Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on Table 1, the total number of bat landings in the compartment that played a call with a peak fre- quency of 104 kHz was approximately how many times as great as the total number of bat landings in the com- partment that played a call with a peak frequency of 112 kHz ?AChoice A — see source imageBChoice B — see source imageC2D4
24Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on the description and the results of Study 2, which of the following expressions shows how to cal- culate the number of times a female R. mehelyi did NOT land in one of the compartments?A(2 × 61) + (225 + 460)B(2 × 61) − (225 + 460)C(12 × 61) + (225 + 460)D(12 × 61) − (225 + 460)
25Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestIn Study 1, which of the following procedures was likely performed to ensure that a given peak frequency measurement was not influenced by the Doppler effect?AMeasuring the mass of each batBCollecting bats from a single caveCPlacing the bat equidistant from 2 speakersDRecording bats while they were stationary
26Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestFor humans, the audible range of sound is 20−20,000 Hertz (Hz). Based on Figure 1, would a human likely be able to hear a call emitted at a peak frequency from a 24 g R. mehelyi ? humans. humans. for humans. for humans. 1 _ _ 4 1 _ _ 2 45 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ACT-G20 4 4 www.actexam.net www.crackab.com Passage V An experiment was performed to determine the con- centrations of each of 7 metal ions—lead (Pb2+ ), cadmium (Cd2+ ), zinc (Zn2+ ), iron (Fe2+ ), manganese (Mn2+ ), copper (Cu2+ ), and nickel (Ni2+ )—in 4 varieties of mushrooms (Varieties W−Z). The concentration of each ion was deter- mined using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). In the AAS, a solution containing a mixture of metal ions is slowly misted into a flame. Then, for each type of metal to be analyzed, a beam of light—having a particular wavelength unique to that type of metal—is passed through the flame onto a detector (see Figure 1). Any light that is absorbed by the metal in the flame does not reach the detector. Thus, for a given type of metal, the fraction of light absorbed (the absorbance) is directly proportional to the concentration of that metal ion in solution. Figure 1 Experiment For each mushroom variety, Steps 1−5 were performed:AYes; 107 kHz is in the audible range of sound forBYes; 109 kHz is in the audible range of sound forCNo; 107 kHz is not in the audible range of soundDNo; 109 kHz is not in the audible range of sound
27Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestSuppose that, before the experiment, a scientist had predicted that Variety X mushrooms would have a greater concentration of Mn2+ than Variety Y mush- rooms. Are the results of the experiment consistent with this prediction? was 30.5 mg/kg for Variety X and 43.5 mg/kg for Variety Y. was 37.5 mg/kg for Variety X and 96.5 mg/kg for Variety Y. was 43.5 mg/kg for Variety X and 30.5 mg/kg for Variety Y. was 96.5 mg/kg for Variety X and 37.5 mg/kg for Variety Y.ANo; the concentration of Mn2+BNo; the concentration of Mn2+CYes; the concentration of Mn2+DYes; the concentration of Mn2+
28Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on the results of the experiment, which mush- room variety more likely had the higher measured absorbance for zinc: Variety W or Variety Y ? higher absorbance. higher absorbance. higher absorbance. higher absorbance.AVariety W; a higher concentration corresponds to aBVariety W; a lower concentration corresponds to aCVariety Y; a higher concentration corresponds to aDVariety Y; a lower concentration corresponds to a
29Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestSuppose that 0.25 g of dried Variety W mushrooms were mixed with 0.25 g of dried Variety X mushrooms and tested using the procedures of the experiment. Based on Table 1, the concentration of copper in this mixture would most likely have been:Aless than 37.5 mg/kg.Bbetween 37.5 mg/kg and 49.5 mg/kg.Cbetween 49.5 mg/kg and 96.5 mg/kg.Dgreater than 96.5 mg/kg.
30Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestWas the pH of the liquid added to the mushrooms in Step 2 more likely less than 7.0 or greater than 7.0 ?ALess than 7.0; the liquid was an acid.BLess than 7.0; the liquid was a base.CGreater than 7.0; the liquid was an acid.DGreater than 7.0; the liquid was a base.
31Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on the description of the AAS, how many differ- ent wavelengths of light were passed through the flame when each of the mushroom varieties was tested?A01B04C07D28
32Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestBased on the description of the AAS, the detector directly measured the:Avolume of nitric acid in solution.Bmass of dried mushrooms in the flame.Cconcentration of metal ions in solution.Dlight that passed through the flame.
33Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestConsider the cadmium ion as shown in Table 1. When this ion is formed from a neutral cadmium atom, does the number of protons increase or stay the same, and does the number of electrons increase or decrease? protons electrons 47 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ACT-G20 4 4 www.actexam.net www.crackab.com Passage VI A phylogenetic tree shows proposed patterns of descent among groups of organisms. Each node (branching point) represents the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the 2 descendant groups (see the diagram). Groups that are more closely related share a more recent MRCA than do groups that are less closely related. Three students each analyzed a different type of molecular data—DNA sequence, protein sequence (order of amino acids), or RNA sequence—to determine if turtles share a more recent MRCA with archosaurs (birds and crocodiles) or with squamates (lizards and snakes). Each of the stu- dents constructed a phylogenetic tree based on his or her analysis. Student 1 The length of a particular DNA sequence varies among groups of organisms. As species evolve, new DNA subunits are added. An analysis of DNA sequences from turtles, archosaurs, and squamates indicates that turtles and archosaurs share the greatest number of additions. There- fore, turtles and archosaurs share a more recent MRCA than do turtles and squamates (see Figure 1). Figure 1 Student 2 The length of a particular protein sequence remains the same among groups of organisms. As species evolve, some amino acids are substituted by different amino acids. An analysis of protein sequences from turtles, archosaurs, and squamates indicates that turtles and crocodiles share the greatest number of substitutions. Therefore, turtles and crocodiles share a more recent MRCA than do either turtles and birds, or turtles and squamates (see Figure 2). Figure 2 Student 3 The length of a particular RNA sequence varies among groups of organisms. As species evolve, some RNA subunits are deleted. An analysis of RNA sequences from turtles, archosaurs, and squamates indicates that turtles and squamates share the greatest number of deletions. There- fore, turtles and squamates share a more recent MRCA than do turtles and archosaurs (see Figure 3). Figure 3 Figures adapted from Naoyuki Iwabe, et al., “Sister Group Relationship of Turtles to the Bird-Crocodilian Clade Revealed by Nuclear DNA−Coded Pro- teins.” ©2004 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.Aincrease increaseBincrease decreaseCstay the same increaseDstay the same decrease
34Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestWhich of the following statements regarding the MRCAs of snakes is consistent with the phylogenetic trees of all 3 students? Snakes share a more recent MRCA with:Abirds than with the other groups of organisms.Bturtles than with the other groups of organisms.Clizards than with the other groups of organisms.Dcrocodiles than with the other groups of organisms.
35Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestThe phylogenetic tree constructed by which of the stu- dents supports the hypothesis that turtles are more closely related to archosaurs than to squamates? group 1 group 2 node snakes lizards turtles crocodiles birds snakes lizards turtles crocodiles birds snakes lizards turtles crocodiles birds 48 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ACT-G20 4 4 www.actexam.net www.crackab.comAStudent 2 onlyBStudent 3 onlyCStudents 1 and 2 onlyDStudents 1 and 3 only
36Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestTuatara (a reptile native to New Zealand) share a more recent MRCA with squamates than with archosaurs. Which of the following proposed phylogenetic trees is most consistent with this information?AChoice F — see source imageBChoice G — see source imageCChoice H — see source imageDChoice J — see source image
37Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestSuppose that the length of a horizontal line segment from a group of organisms to its nearest node is directly proportional to the length of time that group of organisms has existed. Based on this information, how many of the phylogenetic trees, if any, suggest that tur- tles have existed for a longer length of time than have birds?A0B1C2D3
38Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestStudent 3’s phylogenetic tree includes how many common ancestors of turtles and birds?A1B2C3D4
39Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestAn amino acid can be abbreviated by a single letter. Suppose that, for a certain protein, an ancestor has the amino acid sequence DVLDSL and a descendant group has the sequence KVNDSL. Were these sequences more likely analyzed by Student 2 or by Student 3, and how many substitutions are present in the descendant group? Student SubstitutionsA2 2B2 4C3 2D3 4
40Tools:★✎▥Paper 4 · ACT June 2024 · Form G20 · Science TestWhich of the students analyzed sequences of nucleic acids? snakes lizards tuatara crocodiles birds turtles lizards crocodiles birds tuatara turtles snakes lizards crocodiles birds tuatara turtles lizards tuatara crocodiles birds turtles 49 ACT-G20 4 4 END OF TEST 4 STOP! DO NOT RETURN TO ANY OTHER TEST. www.actexam.net www.crackab.com 50AStudent 2 onlyBStudent 3 onlyCStudents 1 and 2 onlyDStudents 1 and 3 onlyEsnakes6Choice H — see source image7snakes8Choice G — see source image
