ACT Past Papers with Answers

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Based on Table I, Cell Line W was formed from lissue found ill which system of the human body. RespiTatory systetn

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Based on Figure I, if cells from Cell Line X had bee , treated with Drug A at a concentration of 200 ￿g/L. the percent colony forn]ation would rnost likely have been: Key Cell Line V lll Cell Line Y Cell Line W E3 Cell Line Z Cell Line X i(x)

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

According to Table I, the concentration of Drug A necessary to kill 50¥0 of the cells frollL Cell Line Y was approximately 10 times the concentration of Drug A Decessary to kill 50Q/o of the cells from:

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

At which of the following concentrations was Drug A cO￿PIe(elY ineffective in preventing the surviving Cell Line V cells fiDm dividing 10 forni colonies? I yglL 10 uglL 50 Hg/L 10 50 Drng A conceutratiorA (PLglL) Figure I 100 40000000004 Passage11

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

The ratio of tall offspring to short offspring in Cross I is closest to which of the following. Plants fiom Species X can be tall or short, aDd they can have red, pink, OT white flowers. Hcight in Species X plants is controlled by Gene T, which has 2 alleles, T and t. Flower color ill Species X plants is controlled by Gene IL which also has 2 alleles, R and r. To determine how height and flower color ate inherited in Species X, a student con- ducted the following crosses.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

What was the genotype for Gene T in the offspring from Cross 2 ? tt only Cross I Two tall Species X plants, each with the genotype Tt, were ciossed. The llumbers and phenotypes of the resulting offspring are shown in Table l. Table I NumbeT of offspring 154 46 Height phenotype taLI sbort The percent of offspring frotn Cross 2 with pink flowers was closest to which of the following. Olo 25qo 50LYo Cross 2 Two pink-flowered Spccies X plants, each with the genotype Rr, were crossed, and the numbers and pheno- types of the resulting offspring are shown in Table 2.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Source question 8. Refer to the source image.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Suppose a gardener wants to produce tall pink-flowcred Species X plants. Based on the results of Cross 3, which of the following pairs of plants, if crossed, would produce offspring with this phenotype? ttrr and ttRR Table 2 NuEnber of offspring 46 102 52 Flower phenotype red pink white

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

A student had hypothesized that the majority of the offspiing from Cross 3 would be tall and have white flowers. Are the results shown in Table 3 consistent with this hypothesis ? with white flowers. with white flowers. with white flowers. with white flowers. Cross 3 Two Species X plants, each with the genotype TtRr, were crossed. The nutThbers, genotypes. and phenotypes of the resulting offspring aie shown in Table 3. Table 3 Number of offspring 10 18 11 19 41 20 12 19 10 Height phenotype taLI tall tall Flower phenotype red pink white red pink white red pink white Genotype rrRR 7TRr TTrr TtRR TIRr TtTr ttRR ttRr ttrr

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Suppose a short red-flowered Species X plant is crossed with a short pink-flowered Species X plant. The percent of the resulting offspring with the geno- typc ttRr will most likely be closest to which of the following . Owo 25¥0 50I0 Eall tall short short short 40000000004 Passage 111 Study I In Trials 1-4, students deterniined D for beams with different l (see Table l). In every trial, W- 20 N and E=50xlO Nlm. In 3 studies, students investigated the stiffness of rec- tangular tnetal beams (see Figure l ). width of bea F- Icngth of bcam height of beam end view of beam Table I side view of beam Trial Figllre I Usin(y the apparatus shown in Figure 2, tbe students deformed each beam under a variety of condÉtions. load platfortn beaTll, side view roller di Study 2 In Trials 5-8, students dete[￿Ined D for beams composed of Metals S-V, respectively. Each metal had a different value of E (see Table 2). In every trial. W = 20 N andl-2.OxlO- m. Figure 2 Table 2 In cach trial, the beam being tested was suppoiled at 2 points that were O. 10 m apart and equidistant from the roidpoint of the beam. The beam wa5 subjected to a load, measllred in newLons (N), at the midpoint of the beatll. W was provided by weights placed on the plaLforni of the apparatus. During deformation. each beam beCa￿e sliglLtIy U-shaped (see Figure 3). Trial Metal (IO, Nlm,) 25 50 75 100 (IO" m) side view of beam before defomation Study 3 In Trials 9-12. students determined D for different W (gee Table3). In every trial, 1-2.OxlO En and E=50xlO NJM,. side view of beam defornied a distance D Figure 3 A dial on the apparatus rcgistered the distance, D, the beam was deformed in multiples of 10 After D was mca- sured, the load was removed, and the beatn Teturned to its original shape. Table 3 Trial (N) (10- m) The intrinsic stiffness of the metal composing a beam was represented by Young's modulus, E. The effect of the widtb and height of a beam (see Figure l) oll D was 10 .20 30 40 10 11 12 rFiven in tn represented by the quantity J, . 40000000004

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Which of the following diagrams of the side view of a beam correctly portrays the direction(s) of the 3 forces that the apparatus exerted on the beam9 IS. The results of Study l are best represented by which of the following graphs? LO 10 I(10-'m') 10 10 I(10-' m,)

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

If, in Study 3, a trial had been conducted ID which W = 25 N, D would most likcly have becn closest to which of the following.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

If the amount of WOTk done to deform a beam equ21ed W x D, in which of the following trials was the amollnt of work the greatest? (10-, m,) (IO, Nlm,) 30 40 30 40 40000000004 Passage IV Experiment 2 The induction period was determined for fresh sam- ples of BDI-BD4 at IIO°C. Each sample contained l of antioxidanrs at a concentration of 500 mglkg (see Figure 2}. Antioxidants are compoundg that can inhibit the deconiposition of oils exposed to air. When an oil is exposed to air, small amounts of reac- tive peroxides can form in the oil. If the peroxide concen- tration reaches a certain level, the oil will rapidly decompoge to form acidic organic compounds such as formic acid. Scientists use 2n accelerated oxidation appa- ratlls, AOA, lo model this process on a ghort time scale (see diagAam}. 120 Key BDI BD2 11 BD3 BD4 air flow 100 flow out 80 heating block conductivity oil water diagram of AOA TBHQ BHT TBCA BHCA antioxidant A 3 g oil sample is heated to a certain temperature. StattinE at time = O min, dry alr is bubbled thtough the sample at a constant rate. The flow of air carries organic acids pro- duced in the sample into the flask containing water. The conductivity (ease of electric flow) of the water is moni- tored. The collductivity of Lhe water stays relatively coll- stant until the oil rapidly decomposes. As the oil rapAdly decomposes, the conductivity sharply increases. The length of time from O ￿ill until thi8 increase OCCUTS IS the induciion périod. Figure 2 Experimeni 3 The induction period was determined for fresh sam- ples of BDI-BD4 at I IO°C. Each samplc contained a dif- ferent concentration of the antlOKidant TBHQ (see Figure 3). Biodiesels are renewable fuel oils typically ￿ade from soybeans. Scieutists did 3 expcriments to study 4 bio- diesels (BDI-BD4). BD2 was a 50150 n]ixture of BDI and BD4 by volume. 120 Key BDI BD2 111 BD3 BD4 Experiinent I The induction period was deterniined for fresh sam- ples of BD L-BD4 at 4 temperathres (see Figure l). 80 60 120 Key BDI BD2 11 BD3 BD4 250 5(K) 750 concentratioll of TBHQ [n￿1kg) Figute 3 20 100 110 120 temFrdture (°C) 130 Figure5 adapted frotn S. R. Westbrook, An Evaluation and Com- parison of Test Methods to Aleasure the Oxidation Stability of Neat Biodiesel. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 2005. Figure I Al 40000000004

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Source question 15. Refer to the source image.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

The beam tested in Study 3 was most likely composed of which of the metals tested in Study 2 ?.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Based on the results of Studies l and 2, for a given W, which of Lhe following combinations of l and E would yield the stiffest beam?

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

In Experiment 3, which of thc biodiesels having a TBHQ concentration of 750 mg/kg decomposed most quickly in the AOA ?

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

A chemist claims that if the antioxidant conceutration in a biodiesel is increased from 500 mg/kg to 1,000 mg/kg, the biodiesel's stability will increase. The claim is inconsistent with the results in Experiment 3 for which biodiesel?

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Suppose a set of trials had been done ill Experiment I at 115°C. Which of the following would have been the most likely induction periods of BD2 and BD3 ? BD2 BD3 35 1nin 35 25 min 30 ￿1n

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

A sample of flesh BDI is tested in the AOA as in Experitllent l and is found to have an induction period of 65 Lnin. At which of the following temperatures was the test most likely conducted? 95°C

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

In Experiments 1-3, the component of the air bubbling thiough the biodiesel sample that was prituarily responsible foi the bieakdown of tbe sample was..

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Supposc BD5 is made by mixing 250 ML of BDI with 750 ML of BD4. If a sample of BD5 containillg 500 mglkg of TBCA were tested as in Experiment 2, its induction period would most likely be.. 40000000004 Passage V 25 Key Wetland: In wetlands, the herbickdes atrazine and alachlor are removed from the water by plant uptake or by adsorption onto soil particles and subsequent bacterial decomposition. Atrazine can also sponiarleously break down to form deÉthylatrazine (DEA). -•- 02 -s2 +E2 15 Three pairs of herbicide-free wetlands weie estab- lished for a study: open water (01, 02), submergcnt (Sl, S2), and emergent (El. E2), as described in Table l. On L day, atrazine was added to 01, Sl, and El and alachlor was added to 02, S2, and E2 to produce an irjitial herbicide concentration of 25 g/L in the water in each wetland. Atrazine, alachlor, and DEA conccntrations in the water were measured at intervals over the next 120 days (see Figures 1-3). 20 40 60 80 100 120 days after heTbicide w&g added Figure 2 Table I Key Wetland: +01 si +EI Wetland Description of wedand Few if any plants Present in the water Open water (01, 02) sub￿er￿etLt AbuDdatLt submergenrplanls (plants that grow beneath the surface of the water} (Sl, S2) 20 40 60 80 IIX) 120 days after h￿bicIde was added Figure 3 Emergent Abundant emergent plants (plallts that are rooted beneath the water and have portions that grow out of the water) (El, E2) Figures adapted froffl K. E. Lee, D. G. Huggins. and E. M. Thuman, "Eff ects Of Hydrophyte Community Structure on Atrazine and A13chlor Degradation in Wetlands." Q1995 by the American Water R8sourc2s Association and the American Society of Agricul- lural Engineers.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Assume that the volume of water in cach wetland remained constant over the 120 days of the study. According to Figure 2, 120 days after alacblor was added, what. percent of the original al&chlor COllcelltra- tion remained in the water in E2 9 25 Key Wetland: 01 15 -￿- Sl El

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

According to Figllie 1, 50 days after atrazine was added, its conccritration in the water in S I compared to its concentration in the water in El was about: 7 gfL lower. 7 glL higher. 2Q 40 60 80 100 120 days after heibicide was added Figure I 40000000004

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

According to Figures l and 3, in S I, as the atrazine concentration decreased, the DEA concentration: increased only. increased, then decreased.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Is the statement "OveI the 120 days of the study, atrazine concentration was lllost reduced in Ihe water in the open watcr wetland" supported by the data in Figure l ? tration was least in the water in O l. tration was least in the water in El. tration was Icast Èn the water in 01. tration was leasl in the water in El. 0000000004 Passage Vl Student 2 One end of the string is threaded thTough a hole in a horizontal tabletop. While a student pulls down on the string, steadily decreasing r, the ball continuously slidcs - WLthoiLt friction around the hole (see Figuie 2). A science teacher tells students that a ball on a strillg is in motion, and that the speed of the baIl, v, is measured twice in rapid succession and is found to be increasing. The teacher then asks each of 3 studcnts to describe the ball's motion between and after the 2 measurcments of v. Vrfhile analyzing Ihe students. statements, consider the following infonnation about Lhe ball: hole The amount of angular momentum of the ball, AM, equals mvr. where m 18 the ball's ]nass and r is the dis- tance of the ball from a reference poinL r4 The ball's A7netFf energy, KE, equals -mv . L2bletop The ball's total mechanical energy. TME, equals KE + PE, wheie PE is polential energy that is available to be converted into the ball's KE. If TME remains the same during the ball's motion, then TME is said to be conserved. top view tabletop side view Figurc 2 The speed v increases between the 2 MeaSure￿entS because the product vr retnains constant. v will continue to increase as r decreases. StudÉpzt I The ball and string are suspended from a ceiling, foiffting a pendulllm, and the pendulum is swinging with- out friction (sce Figure l). StttdEnt 3 The ball is on a hoiizolltal iabletop that is against a wall. The string, which is fastencd to the wall. is elastic and has been stretched. The ball. slides without friction toward the wall (see Figure 3). ceiling string *-wall ball tabletop Figure I The speed v increases between the 2 measurements because the ball is approaching the lowest point in its path. Poillt L. At Point L, v bas its greatest value. as the ball moves past Point L, v begins to decrease immediately. The decrease in v continucs until thc ball reaches one of the 2 end points of its path, Point A or Point B. Once the ball reaches an end point, it reverses its direction of motion, and v again begins to increase. Figure 3 Between the 2 measurements, the string is contracting, so v increases. Once the string is no longer stretched, v Tcmains constant until the ball hits the wall. After the ball bounces off the wall, v remains constant until the string begins to stretch again, at which time v begins to decrease. 40000000004

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

As shown in Figure 2, every time the alachlor concen- trations in the water ill 02, S2, and E2 were measured during the study, the concentrations 13] S2 and E2 were found to be very similar to the concentration in 02. The most likely explanation for this result is that in S2 and E2: removing alachlor ihan did adsorption onto soil particles followed by bacterial decomposition. removing alachlor than did &dsorytion onto soil particles followed by bacteTial decomposition. adsorption onto soil particleg followed by bacterial decomposition played a more significalll roLe in removing alachlor than dÉd breakdown to fortn DEA. adsorption onto soil particles followed by bacterial decotnposition played a less significant role in removing alachloi than did breakdown to form DEA.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Based on Student I's description of the ball's motion, cornpared to the ball's KE at Point A or Point B, the ball's KE at Point L is..

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Based on Student 3's description, when the ball is rnoving away from the wall and is slowing down, PE is accumulating. Where is the accumulating PE being stored?

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Throughout the ball's motion as described. by Stu- dent I, does the atoount of angular tnomentum of the ball. AM, remain constant? m and r do remain constant. m and v do remaill constant. r does not remain constant. v does not remain constant.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Based on Student 2's desctiptioll of the motion of the ball, as r decreases. how does the ball's KE change?

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Spccd v is momentarily zero at various times during the motion(s) described by which of the students?

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Suppose that TME is conserved throughout the ball's Lnotion. Based on the information given, if TME - 100 ergs. KE and PE can simultaneously have which of the following values? .KE PE (ergs) (ergs) 10 10 10 90 125 25 10

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Suppose that when r= 5 ctn, v = 20 cn]Isec. Based on a statement by Student 2, when r 15 cm, v equals a value closest to which of the following. 3 cmtsec 7 cmlsec 000000000 Passage Vll Figure I shows how 7c varies with C for aqueous Nacl soluknons and aqueous glucose golutions at 3 temperatures. Consider an aqueous solulion separated from pure H,0 by a membrane permeable to H O but Ampermeable to solute pariicles. H O will flow from the region of lower particle concentration (the pure H20) into the region of higher particle concentration (the solution). The pressure associated with this flow is the osmotic pressure, 7t, given in atrnospheres (atm) by the equation

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Consider a solution for which C = 0.20 molelL and 10 atm. Based on Figure I, this solution is most llkely an aqueous solution of.. Y. Nacl at 280 K. Glucose Lactose A( 40000000004

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Compared to the mass of I molecule of glucose. the mass of I molecule of lactose is: sM￿le[, because lactose has a stnaller molar mass than does glucose. smaller, because lactose has a larger molar mass than does glucose. than does glucose. tban does glucose.

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

How does the value of i for HCI differ from the value of i for Mgcl , and what is the mealling of the differ- ence? The value of i for HCI is: H O to form fewer particles than does eactl Mgcl . H O to form more particles than does each Mgcl . H,0 to form fewer particles than does each Mgcl H O to form tnore particles than does each Mgcl . END OF TEST 4 STOPI DO NOT RETURN TO ANY OTHER TEST. 20106ACT+68C,#$ English Mathematics Readling Science 1 A 36 F 1 C 31 B 1 C 1 B 2 G 37 D 2 K 32 G 2 J 2 G 3 A 38 G 3 C 33 D 3 A 3 A 4 H 39 A 4 H 34 F 4 J 4 G 5 B 40 J 5 D 35 C 5 D 5 A 6 J 41 B 6 K 36 J 6 G 6 H 7 A 42 J 7 C 37 E 7 C 7 D 8 G 43 D 8 G 38 F 8 H 8 H 9 C 44 G 9 E 39 C 9 D 9 A 10 H 45 C 10 H 40 G 10 G 10 J 11 C 46 H 11 E 41 C 11 A 11 C 12 G 47 A 12 K 42 K 12 F 12 G 13 C 48 G 13 B 43 C 13 C 13 B 14 H 49 C 14 H 44 J 14 G 14 H 15 B 50 H 15 B 45 D 15 C 15 D 16 J 51 A 16 G 46 K 16 G 16 G 17 C 52 G 17 C 47 D 17 A 17 D 18 H 53 D 18 F 48 F 18 G 18 H 19 A 54 H 19 A 49 B 19 C 19 C 20 G 55 B 20 J 50 K 20 F 20 F 21 D 56 H 21 C 51 B 21 B 21 A 22 J 57 A 22 G 52 F 22 F 22 J 23 B 58 G 23 E 53 A 23 C 23 B 24 G 59 D 24 J 54 J 24 F 24 F 25 C 60 F 25 D 55 A 25 B 25 C 26 J 61 C 26 G 56 H 26 J 26 F 27 B 62 H 27 E 57 B 27 C 27 D 28 J 63 B 28 G 58 F 28 G 28 G 29 A 64 G 29 A 59 A 29 D 29 A 30 J 65 A 30 J 60 J 30 F 30 J 31 B 66 F 31 C 31 D 32 J 67 A 32 G 32 F 33 B 68 G 33 D 33 C 34 F 69 D 34 F 34 G 35 A 70 F 35 C 35 B 71 A 36 G 36 G 72 J 37 D 37 D 73 D 38 F 38 F 74 J 39 B 39 C 75 C 40 J 40 F www.actmi.net

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Suppose a l L solution is produced by dissolving 2 moles of KCI in H:0. Based on the inlormatioa pro- vided, 7t, in aim, of this solution at 290 K can be calcu- lated using which of the following expressions?

Paper 58 · ACT June 2010 · Form 68C · Science Test

Suppose a new line showing how ￿ varies for aqueous MgCI2 solutions at 340 K were added to Figure l. How would this new line compare to the lines shown in Figure l Eor aqueous Nacl solutions and aqueous glu- cose solutions at 340 K ? slope of the line would be greater. slopc of thc linc would be stnaller. Ehe line would remain the same. the line would remain the same.