ACT Past Papers with Answers

The main purpose of the statement in line 62 is to: illustrate the high expectations Ihe audience ini- tially had for Evereit Payne's performance. inform ,the reader of ihe, audience's.reaction to .Everett Payne's performance. ,.counteract' the narrator's descripiion".of Everett Payne's performance. provide:proof that Evtrett. Payne was .well known to the audience. . 8, Accordino .10.'the passage,, when;.Everelt;'Pa}Ine ,firsi,, played "Sonny Boy Blue" straioht throu(vh' he did so: more,slowlv'than.was.inlended,,by. the. composer,; ,,: . ..after.it had'been su(YtsesLed by Abe.Kaiser. aoainst the wishes of the ba.ssisi and drunimer.. .>,Wlthout.,followin¢y the;origiAal Eune.

Source question 3. Refer to the source image.

.The passaoe initially porirays.the. purist.s niost:nearly. as: snobbish and intolerant. rational and well educaied. irjexperienced and uninhibited.

Source question 8. Refer to the source image.

The narrator slates that to Haltie, Everett Payne'5 per- formance was: ovtrly slow and formal. a roller coaster of a ride. ACT.68F 31 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. Passage 11 50 frin(ye, inlo Ihe couiili'yside is drii'tn largely by ihe Aiiiericai) dreaiii off a d¢iached Iionie in Lhe middle ot a '. tsr,assy.;": Dei'e.lopers.,.fi',LqU.eiitl.y.'.clai n)':tliey.: caj): ,.build,,iiiore, -'affordab.le liou.si no on,.ilie edoe.of'LIOi4i'n- bul ",affordable for u,lioni . SOCIAL SCIENCE:.This,p8ssage is adapled from Rich&rd ,Moe's article Mindless Madness Callod Spiawl,,. b2sed on a speech he 9ave on November 30, 199S, in Fresno, California ((>1996 by Richard Moe). At Ihe lime he gave the speech, Moe was presldenl ol the National Trust for Historic Preservalion. The delpeloper s 0￿￿11. Expenses .niay be less, and the hoine buser inay find the price8 aiiractii:e but who,. picks..up ihe exira c.o£i£ of fil'e :and police proieciion. 'neiv roads and,iiew Uiilily'iiifrasiruciure iii tlie%e out- l)'iiig areas?,Ille i¢11 do. in ih¢ foi'iii of hioher taxes for

The principal aim of Ihe p2SS20e can best be cla%sified as: explanaiory. narralive. Sprawl's other most familiar form spread-oui residential subdivisions ihat "leapfrog" froin ihc urban ACT.e6F 32 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

Amongy thc followino quoialio'.ns frotn the passage, the one that best summarizes what, the author would like to see happen is.. 'laws and policies that constiLute powerful incen- [jves for sprawl.: (lines 20-22). 'the destruciion of Eradiiional downtowns, (line 34). 'affordable' housing on the ed¢ye of town" (line 53).- 'an inte?, 41ted svstem of planning deci5lOIIs and reuulations" (lines 87-88).

The last paraoraph differg from Ihe first paraiFraph in that in ihe lasi paragraph the author.. asks a que51ion and then answers it. uses more statistics to support his aiouments. incorporates more emotional lanouage. offers solutions rather than siaring a problem.

In the pas8aoe, the author answersi all of Ihe followin<T. questions EXCEPT; has sprawl,beerJ happenino in U,S. cities? 'G. , I& development s)nonymous wilh prooress, .H., What is one niajor reason thac people in the United . states use.auiomobiles so much? ,W,hat,should communities do tOi'combat.sprawl'?_..

The author stales that one supersiore Inay do all of the followino EXCEPT., make the downtown area into a ghosi tow n. shift the center of graviTy away from downtown. 33 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ACT.&6F Passage111 Why I pcrsisted in carrKiiniY it arouiid aiid coiisuli_ ..ino.its crowded., paoe% at every oppoi'iunily,.I liaiie iio ,,idea.,.The,: book..,li&,as:_<tiibboi"Ii.":,i¥.e11. l .1I'2S si,ub.boi'ii.', 55 rhai ilias ,'p2rE': of .,ir. .'Aii d,.1 .liad .110 ,c.hoice... i-.ea.lly..￿ot .1 f I ian led..to,,ger ri7. A,,.laiidscape,iiia}'..be liaiidsoiiie..in,the ,.aggreoate,..but.,this.book. led. to.the pai'iicularq. and thai'.s ivliai I.w.'anted.:A..l¢SS' conipleie ouide.would.liave .betn'eaqier 10-%iari iijjih.,bui Irjore frustrating ,in ihe..

The statistics cited by Ihe authoi in the tenth paraoraph (lines 67-79) are used to.illustrate the concept thai: allowin(F mixed uscs:of land leads to eniyironmen- tal destruction. .current.. zonintr..,laws,..help..creaie. 3 compaLt, w.alk-. . able environmeni. oveiall costs of tiansporration. food and health care.

One form of spraivl ihe author describes is I'etail de,vel- opinent ihat: adjoins existing downiown areas. ,ulilizes historic buildiiig.4.

As it is used Én lÈne 51, the Word derached most nearly means: objeciive. set apiit. iaken away,

The author uses',the.statement .tsame isn t..being, played on a level field,: (linÈ 64) Most nearly 10 mean that: ' cities needlessly:duplicaie ksscnlial servÈces. ,. 50mL.,,peoplei make: their,,ljves.::.,. .rnore difficult. . marketplace .for¢es are .ai work. gov.ernmenial,::.decision,s. jJhfl.ueDce.;..mar,ketplace.. ,forces.

The phrase niixed ii.ses (line 67) most likely refers to= lots: around ever] larver stores. ensurino that automobiles cannot be driven to Ehe various local bLisinesses, allowino one area to contain various types off developmeni.

The passage is besi described as beino Eold from the point of view of someone who is: ers and in Ihe naiural world. reexamining the event Ihat led her to a lifelono fascination WiLh a8iers. reviewing her relationships wilh people who have shared her inierest in flowers. became a profitable career. ACT.66F GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

As portrayed by the author, Ihe young man responded to her quesiion aboui Ihe flower with what is best described as: acceptance. surprise. condescension.

Whai name, if any, does the auihor report assigninu 10 the yellow flower %he came across during a mounlain

Looking back at her early experiences with the Peterson's, Ihe author most siron<yly implies that the truide was: either a more or a less complete ouide. easy 10 use in ihe becyinnin but more frustratin(v in the end than a more complete ouide would have been. impossible for her 10 follow until she started pair- ing it wilh a different ouide.Ikritten for,be(tinners. appealin<r initially until sh& reali7ed how poorly illustrated its crowded pa17es Vrfere.

,of. Ivhy the crystal fdcets ftroivih varies, .wiih. tenipera- lure, He believes this may hai'L someihino 10 do wilh Ihe ice £urface's 'quaqj-liquid" las'er, which affecis hO￿j water molecules stick 10 ihe surface. Not only does ihe crystal I'esearch help £auoe 85 snowrnelt, it is also useful iii pi"ediciing ava12nclies, designints artificial snow, and, perhaps in the near future, examinino air pollution. 'You can put snow in a scanning eleciron microscope and tell which eleinents aye presenl, such as sulfur and nitr02en,' says Wergin. 90 'You can Ihen see whai kind of polluiion is in ilie ai.ea and possibly track the source. By manipulaiin2 the ternperaiure and hun)idii! 30 wiihin an incubaiion chamber (and by 2dding an elec- Iric current oi- vaiious (rases at times), Libbrechi creates 'desioner" siiowflakes in his lab. Such experinients are helping him determine how crysials forin. William Wergiii, a I'eiired ARS research biologist, 35 2nd a colleaoue, Eric Erbe, were usin<Y scannino elec. tron micro,scopy to look at biolo(yical problems relatino to aoriculture. To avoid tlie laborious procedure Ihal using such equipmeni uiually en12ils, Ihe iwo scieniisis decided io freeze ilie tiÉ.%iie iliey were workino witli and 40 look at it i n the frozen state. 'One day il Iiappened io be %iiowin says Wer(rjn, 'and we wei"e looking for a specimen. We imatted soine siiowflakes and Hicre very surprised to see what we did.: It was the firsi tiiiie anyone had 45 aiiempted io image siiow crysials wilh scannino elec- tron microscopy, which provides precise deiail aboul the crystals, shape, structural features 2nd me12mor- phosed condiiioiis Icryslals often chanoe once on the ground depeiidintt on ihe surroundino environment).

The author slates that the PeLerson's became her clos- est companion over a period of several: weeks, months.

The author refers to Solida80 hispida as an example of a flower that she: stumbled upon it. walks. was pleased to encounter again after she had learned to identify it. characteiistics. ACT-66F 35 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. Passage IV had an)J applicaiioi)% tor his re.seai-cli. Raiioo now iises 'eroji)'s elecii-.017 Inicroscopv . daia. witli i1c.rol￿a.V.e..-s2zeI,IIIc dai'a, ,'iii.,.-Il)L. .55 ￿￿odel :,io' prediL.t. the aiTrounl,.of..iii_dtei-'.aw.¢iilab.le...iii a .'inter.:.snowpJck..'.For :IK.'ec1ei'ii states :-stscli ..a.s..Colorado. .Moiiianq,.Lltah,and M,'N'oniiii<y.'about-, 7) 'perceiil..of ilie -ai)nual ..waier'gupplxi .coiiies trom..%noiv,nieli. Siiowiiielt ,'aler-.is criiical. to,. crop,':irri.galion. aiid ,hJ'dioelectz'ic .60, poM'eF,.as-ii,'cll-:as' I"eci'edlion.'dnd .,donieslic..IV41ter',sui)-. plies, fishei'iei 7nanatsLllltnt.diid 'flood control. NATURAL SCIENCE:..This Passage is adapled Irom the arli¢le "When Research Is a Snow Job: by Saiah Boyle (02002 by N2tional Wildlile). Tlie fitsure is be)'oiid coiiiprehen%ioii- ENiery )iear. I,000,000.ooo,000,000,000:000,000 ( I sepiillion) siioivflake4,fall IK'oi'ldi¥'ide. As Ihe crysials, fall..tliey ,encounier dit'fei'eiii.ainio£pheL'iC condilioiis Thai produce 5 flake.£ with unique allribules. The 17101e COlTJplex (hose conditi0118 are: IIIL iiiore. elaboraie.the crystals. - Betore.'eiiiploy,ints..Ihe,,,scannino ,eleciroii ..niic,I'og- opy results, Ihe forecaRted.aiiiounts of snoivpack. Water 'wcre iiiaLcuratt thilieiiel'er the si7.e aiid %hap¢ of ihe 65 snoiv Lr)Istals iiaried Inuch froiii ilie norni, 'Tlie iiioye we know about crystals. notes Ran(yo. 'Ihe easier li will be io use iiiicrowdl,'e saiellite daia for prediciioiis of the snow water equii.'alent.' Keniieili Libbrecht is a physicisi at ihe Califoi-i)ia Insiiiuie of Teclinolooji Alono wilh ilie iiJoYk of scien- tists al the U.S. Dcpailineiit of Aoriculture s A<yricul- 10 tural Re%earch Service (ARS), his research is uncoiierino Iiew iiifoi'ixation about the niagical woi'ld of snow crysials inforniaTion Ihai has pi'aciical applica- tions in such diverse ¢lreas as aoriculture and the pro- duction of electi'icity. Currently, forecasts usino the niodel are aboui 70 90 perceni accuraTe. A 1980 siudy ebiiinated ihat rovir3g ilie prediciion by I peFcenl Ivould save million.in irrigation and hydropower in ilie Th'estern :. .United Stales. Snow crysials are individual erysials usually in a hexagonal .foTIII wliile'snowflakes are collections of .Iwo or.liiore, sno1¥ crysials. Beoiniiiiio as condensed orows around.a nucleus. .w.aier vapor, a crystal typically'¥ ..of dust.,Jts shape depends oji .how ihe six.side..faceis ,20 .:or; faces-grow in rel.aiion io..Ihe.Iop 2nd..boiiom faceis. If :Ihey orolv. relaiively'.tall, the, crystal: appe2TS .columii- , lik¢; if .the side .faceis. are:,short compared ,to:Ihe,lenoih ,. of.the.botioin and top fdcets,'.Ihe.cryyial,lo.o.ks..platelike. Rango..'is also,.lookino ahead at.climaie chanoe.pre-, diclions. Followinv',Ihe.::est.imalès..Lhai hai.'e been niade.. aboui...w.hai .:w.ill happen';by: 2100, things are .defiiiite'ly. varming.:up, he,:says'. Teniperature,::,increases::.Ivill': Jikely:,.result.,'3n"ai'Teduciion..in 'streain,: flow.,as,-overall snowraccumu12tiori:decrea5es winter.pi".ecipitat.inn'.runs.' 80,'<off.:,as.,r.ain.,,and':water,'.e￿.ap0rateS,at,,..a.qV1cker.raIe.,.The beiwe¢.ni waler:.'5upply'and.,,.demand.:.,ili.211.,.m:aonif) ..even.'mor.e,'. greaily"IllCTèasing 'waier'.s ecorjomic'value: antiCTpates R2n(FO. . curr.ently Libbr.eclil .is,,Ir}'.ing.,to cr2ck. the: pioblem

It can reasonably be inferred froni tlie p2s4aoe that ihe information about the scieniific si.vdy of snoiv is pre- sented primarily to., eniphasize Ihe imporiance of communicdllOII ainong scienlists. explain how snow cryst21 facet.s influence the snowpack in some lliestern states. showcase the varied uses of the 5cannin£ electron microscope. th¢ study of snow crystals. 50 Wer(Jin c211ed another ARS colleague, h},drolo(¥isi Albert Ranoo, to see if Ihe snow crystal m#*ynifJcations ACT<6F 36 GO ON TO THE NEXT-PAGE.

According to Ihe passaqe, the use of scannin£Y eleciron microscopy can save money by: encourao in(y scientists to make estimates of water requireinents far into the future. allowinry forecasters 10 predict more accurately the quaniity of waier iii the snowpack. ical problen)s. increasinL7 the water supply for Colorado, Mon- tana, ItrEah, and Wyoming by 75 percent.

It can reason?bly be inferred Ihai Ihe phrase niezainor. ph05ed coiidirions (lines 47-48) refers to the: iemperalure and humidity at wliich crystals form. speck of dust and water iapor. state of snow crysials afier Ehey reach ihe IFiound. major changes in enN'ironineni21 conditions.

According io the passaLYe, Ihe addition of electron microscopy data to the SnowmelE Runoff Model allows scientists USRn(Y the model io include in iheir predic- tions deiailed information aboui,, microwave saielliie daia. structural N'ariations of snow crysials. .J. biological problems related 10 agriculiuie.

Source question 35. Refer to the source image.

Accordintr to the pa.4saoe, snowflakes have infiniie variety because: .enormous numbers of snow ciystals fiill.worldwide. , condltions, *.snow.;cry.%tals'fall .snowflakes. '.complexiiies in .Lhe ,attnosphere SloW￿$nOW.,.cr> s.ial ., development.

The passaiY¢ Stales that. snowflakes difter from: snow crysial.s.in Ihai snowflakes: combine to form snow crystal.s. orow in. relation'to top, and..bottom fcflcets. are composed of more ihan, one crysial.

The Eeim 'desigiier" . snoiiflakes (line 32) refers directly to the fact that: no two snowflakes are alike. snowflake5 are pari of the grand desiirn of nature. e,'al','variou%. raies cr.eatino.;:uni,que.

A5.:jt..is .used'in line,59,.Ihe .word crifical.most,nearJy., means: evaluaiive. .B. faulifindin .35. Accordino to Ran£0, one reason Ihal waler's economic value is likely io increase by ihe year 2100 is that: ,more water will be polluted by then. . B. ",.less water will be. w a)ted.due to more accurate pre- dictions of the waier supply, the.sulfur.-and,niErogen contenl,in snowi 15, likely.',to increase. snow accumulation. acute.

.,T.he, passatye stales,.that,,research. about ,SDOW. crystal¢,. has'.helped,, scientists,do,'all',of, the,folloi¥,inu EXCEPT:: ,,¢xti'act-pollutants.fi'om, snow, oauoe Snowmelt. END OF TEST 3 STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. DO NOT RETURN TO A PREVIOUS TEST. ACT-66F 37