ACT Past Papers with Answers

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

000 1,500 > 1,000 500 J* Siie ? Siie 2 400 0300 "J 200 100 101 92 16 15 30 Day 45 15 30 Day 45 60 Figure I Figure 2 Table I shows how water quality ratin¢J varies with Bl.. Table 2 shows ihe average Bl of each slte during ihe colleciion period. Figures adapted from Stephen C. Landry and Micholo L. Tremblay, "Stale ot Ihe Upper Merrifflack 1995-1997: A River Quality Report." 02000 by Upper Merrimack River Local Advisory Committee. Table I l. If an E. coli level of over 400 colonies forined per 100 ML of water is unsafe for swimmino on which of the following collection days and ai which sile would it have been unsafe io swim? Waier quality rating Bl excellenl good fair. poor

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

As water quality improk'es, Ihe number of siong fl} lari'ae (a type of aquaiic inverlebraie) increases. Stu- dents hypoihesized that more stone fly larvae would be found at SiEe l Ehan at Site 2. Are the data presented in Table ? consistent wilh this hypothesis? of good and Site 2 had a water quality rating of poor. of excellent and Site 2 had a water qualily raiing of fair, of poor and Site 2 had a water quality ratin4y of of fair and Sile 2 had a water quality rating of excellent.

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Which sei of daia besl supports the claim that Site I has I0￿er water quality than Site 2 ? Hiiyher E. coli level Site I Sile 2 SÉte I Slit 2

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Suppose large amounis of feTiilizer from adjacent fields beoin to enEer the river ai SiEe l. ,The:BI of ihis sile will mosi likely change in which of the tollowin(Y ways? The Bl will: increase, because water quality is likely to increase. increase, because .waier qualiiy .is likely to. decrease. . C. ..decrease, because :water. quality is. likely to increase. dectease. Acf.66F 39 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage 11 Aliii71iiii4iii 11:Iiler-based i)aiiils (AWPS) coniain alu- niinuni (Al) flakes ihat ojve surfaces a shiny, metallic appearance, If Ihe flakes corrode, a dull coaling of 21u- minuni liydi'oxide forills on thein= .2AI + 6H:O -> 2AI(OH)3 + 3H,

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Based oli Table I, ￿.1]ICh of ihe folloii'ino oraphs best shows hoiv. the k'olunie of 14: pi'oduced by AWP 2 chanoed over iinic? 600 400 400 ?00 E 200 Table I shows ihe iiolunie of H: oa.4 produced oker liine (ai ?5°C and l aim) from 100 ML saniples of freslily 1112de AWPS 1-3 iii 3 separate trials. AWPS 1-3 w'ere iden- tical e.xcept Ihat each l)ad a different conceniration of DMEA, an AWP ingredient tliat i ncreases pH. 2 4 6 8 Day 2 4 6 8 Day 800 600 600 Table I 400 E 200 200 pH of AWP Volume (mL> of H2 produced by: Day2 Day4 Day6 Da>, 8 33 133 187 760

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Based on Table I, if the volume.of H? produced by Day l O from the AWP I sample had been Ineasured, it vould most likely have been: B, belween 133 ML and 461 ML. 500 400 300 200 100 10 15 20 25 Day

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

According to Table I, what volurne of H ￿12$ pro- duced by AWP I from the time ihe volume was mea- sured on Day 6 until the time ihe volume was measured on Day 8 ? 52mL 81mL Figure I Figure 1 adapled from Bodo Muller. "Corrosion Inhibitors lor Alu. minum." 1995 by Division of Chgmical Education, Inc., American CheM￿al Society. AGT.66F 40 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

In the trials represented in Table l and Fioure l. by measuring the volume of H the experimenters were IO. Consider ihe volume of H: produced by Day 2 from the AWP 3 sample ihat coniained no corrosion . 121hibitor. Based on Table l and Fitrure I, the AWP 3 sample containino .EDTA produced"approxirnately the same volume of H2 by which of.the following days? ?? able to mon jtor the raie at which: ACT4eF 41 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage111 Iii each of,thL£C 3 trials: a 10.0 N iiieiolit w'as placed on Ihe b041rd dl.V<irious distancLs.fi-oiii tlie peiicil on Scale B (see F?oure: 4).. In.,Trial. 4,:Ilie, Iw:eigl?t.-was O.:10. In. froiii Ilie pencil;.,iii Ti'ial,.5,,IliL- ￿)¢10171 wa%,O:,?O' iii, froin. tlie'.peiicil; ,2nd.in.Trial,6, Ehe,.weiol)t ii.'af,0..30 ni froin.the pencil. The dialiieadinos for ihe 3 £1"ial.s. are also shown in Fioure 4. Siudeni.s SlLidied foi'Le8 b)1 usiiits ? idulllical platfoi'iii scales,..Scale A and Scale B, oiie of,. ￿,1)Ich. 18 shoK¥ii in Figure l. plaif02'111 force dial hand (indicaiino a Iionzero weioht) 114

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

ON FQ,IOm hand (indicatino iijei (Jl)t of zero) lJ.ble ,,board- pencils Scale A-+ sC￿e B -+ Fioure I i .table The wcioht of ihe pldiforiii of each scale ivas insionificaTIt. Wlien a"force (such as tliar produced by a wtioht) was exeried on Ihe surface of the plaiforir, the hand roiated clockwise away froin ihe zero point on Ihe dial. The aniount of rotation was directly proportioi)al lo Ihe sirengih of ihe force. Trial 4 -0.20m 10,ON board - pencils Siudii J Prior to each of Trials 1-3, the. siudenis .iet the dial readings of boih Scales A and B to zero. In each of Ihese 3 trials, Scale A was slacked on top of Scale B (see .Figure 2). In.Trial I, no weioht ivas placed on the.platfor2n of Scale A. in Trial 2, 2 5,0 newion (N) weirjhi was placed on ihe plaiforni of Scale A; and in Trial 3: 2 10.0 N.Iveiohi vas placed on ihe plaiforni of SL4ile A. The dial ieadino for il)e.3.trials are.also shown in Fioure 2. Scale A -+ Scale B --* . . table-+ Trial 5

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

In which of the irials in Study 2, if any, was the force of the 10,0 N weighi equally distributed beiween Scales A 2nd B ? A, Trial 4 board -+

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

G

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Assume that whenever a weiohi was placed on a . scale's platform, a spring inside ihe scale was com- pressed. A$sume also that the Lrreaier ihe added weight, the greater the amount of compression. Was the amount of potential ,energy stored in Scale A's sprin(y oreater in Trial l or in Trial 3 ? platform of Scale A was greaLer in Trial l. platfO￿n of Scale A was less in Trial I, platform of Scale A was greaier in Trial 3, D, In Trial 3, because the amount of wei(yht on the plaiform of Scale A wxs less in Trial 3. '14, In a new study, suppose Scale A were placed upside down atop Scale B, so Ihai Ihe platform of Scale A rested directly on the platform of Scale B. Which of the followin(y drawings best represents the results that would most likely be obtained for this arrangement? 1>. In Study 2, as Ihe distance between Ihe 10.0 N weighE and the pencil on Scale B increased, the amount of force exerted on the.5urface ol Scale B:s.platform: remained.the same. ..increas¢d only. ,C. decreased only, ..varied,..bui' with. no.general ,Irend.

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

F

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

B

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Which .of the following 'siatements most likely describes.an,,i mportant reason for selling the dial read- .inos of..boih,scales to..zero. after. Study ,I,:prior. to ¢ach of Trials 4-6 9 measurement ,,To aad.the Iweights of the board .and pencils to each weight.measurement H,. ,To..subtract,Ihe .weights of .the scales,from.each weioht measurement from each wei(yht measurement ACT-66F 43 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage IV EApÉi'zp?ie1713 .The eii.¥i!?e,',oclaiie.i ?'Éq14ii.'eiiieiil. (EOR)..is. the. mi li iiiium octaYJe:jnum.ber':,of.:a, fuel,, requirLd.,,for..'.2n:':'ei!gine,,'.io.:opèr,aie:' viihout :becominG: daini7<7ed. Fuels,Ai.and,'B .tivei.e ,burned:' 'sepai'ately:,iii aii.'¢ii oi ne. at:;differenl .:8peed Table,,.2::.shoiiis the',octane .nuiiiber,. detei'nii ned,:for...each f.uel.' at. each inijine speed and ihe kiiow'ii EOR of.Ihe,,eno3iie ai eaeh speed. .The. oLI.uiie iiu177bei' of a fuel is. a measui-e.,of .hoiv %iiiooth ly'tlie fucl bui'ii.8 i n a (yasolin e. eji tsi ne. .Lowcr: octai)e, ruel.s kJio¢'k,,(explode) wheii buriied, kn'lii¢h lowers;fuel: effi.- Liency and can cau.£e enoiiie dainaiye. Heptane k'nocks coli- ..Kiderably wheii.buined and is giipeii ali ociane nuinber'of O. K%ooctai)e knockg Niery liiile and is gix.'en an ocianc number of 100. Differellt proportions of hepiane and isOOC12ne Nvere IniAed to obiaiii 'mi xtures wilh octane numbers beiiweeii,

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Based on Experiment 3, as engine speed increases, Ihe minirnum octane nuinber of fuel required for an eniyine to operate without becomino damaged: increases only. increases, then decreases. 125 120 110

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Suppose a trial had been performed in Experiment 3 at an engijie speed of 2,200 rpm. At Ihig engine speed, which of the following sets of octans numbers would most likely have been determined for Fuel A and FuelB? Fuel A

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Which of the following expressions is equal to the octane number of each fuel mixture listed in Tablc 19

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Based on Table l and Experiment 2, if 3 ML of TFL were added to a mixture of 100 ML of hepiane and 900 ML of Rsooctane. the octane, number of the resuli" ing fuel would most likely be: F, less than 55. reater than 125. xloo xlOO xloo

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Which of the 2 fuels from Experimeni 3 would be better to use in an,engine Ihat will.ruA at all engine speeds between 1,500 rpm and 3,500 rpm ? the EOR at.each of the engine speeds .tested. , the'.EOR,at.each of..the,:engine..speeds .tesled. Fuel,.B,,: because,. ils oct,arie. nuinber,'.was :lower, than Ihe ,EOR.at,each of..thes'engine:.'.speeds'iest'ed: the EOR at each.of the engine speeds tested. volurne of isooctane Yolume of heptane volume of heptane volume of isooctane .volume of isooctanc (volume of hcptan¢ + volurne of isooclane) volume of he lane (Volume of heptane + volume of isoociane)

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Based on.Table .1., if. 2 ML. o.f heptane. were;mixed ,with isooctane,,the..octane ,number'. of.:this.mixiure ' would be: A¢f48F 45 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage V Scienlisi B ,.The.KB..does.not exist., Short-. per,iod .coineLS .Iver.e, once perj.od.' cornets,. So,IKe...lon£':perio.d.; c01neis,;Pil.%S en.ough:.lo:.the:'oian.t .planels. (for,.,..exaniple':: , influenced,by;' the: (¥raiJitai.ioiial..fiÈlds':.of.,,Ihe.,: ttiani..:.planets..: and are.:forced into orbits::with..orbiial.,pei".io-ds, less.than ,.These .alteied .orbits have ,orbiial . planes tliat haiie Small inclinaiions wiih. respeci:.io, Ihe,eclipiic. plane.:;Also, Inosl.of,.Ihe..:studied.short-pcriod,coinels',have..'orbi.tal .plJne,s , wiih.sn)all incliiialions Niiiih rcspect.lo lh¢ orbilal planes:of,.. .Ihe giant..planets,'.which, in'.turn,..have.,siiiall-:iiiclinatioiis'; wilh Tespeci to ihe eclipiic plane, Jiilyodiic lioJ7 Conieis. are.coii)plek IIIiXILires of .ices and dusi ihai .Orbii ihe. Sun. They.can be classified by oibiial peiiod as eiiher 1017g"i)ei-iod coJ17els 01. 31EOI'r-pei'iod coiiiers. Loiio_period COlT]ets have.oi"bit21 periods of more il)aii 100 yr..and orioiiiaie wiihin our 501ar.sJisiein in ,Elie. Oori Cloiid: a Spherical shell of nian), icy bodies located 31 an .ai'eraoe distdnce of 40,000 A.U. froni Ihe Sun ( l A.U, 'ai'eraoe disiance of. .EaYih froiii the Suii), Loii (T_period oniets approach the Sun fron) all directions. Short-period comets have orbital periods of 200 yr or less, and their orbilal planes have incliiia110175 30° or less ii'iih I'especl to the eclipiic Iila17e, ilie plane of Earth's orbit arouiid ihe Sun. Poilions of Ihese planes are shown in Fiiyure l. short-period comet's orbital plane iiiclinalion Sun eclipi?c plane Earth Figure I .23...:IVhich:.of ..the,.follo,wing generajizaiiong aboui,comet5 IS . most consistenL.wiih.,Scienlist B:s'viewpoint? . A., Lono-period.comeEs cannot become short-period comets. ..B, :. Short-period. comets.: cannot. become long-period comeis. comets. D, No long-period comets or short-period comets orbit the Sun. Two scientistg preseni iheir viewpoinis about ihe origin of shori-period coinets.

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Source question 23. Refer to the source image.

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Scientist A would most likely suggest that a new tele- scope more powerful than previous telescopes be used to search which of the followino regions of space for objecis in the KB ? angle of 90° wilh respect to the eclipiic plane angles of 0° 10 30° wilh respect lo the ecl3ptic plane Scienlisi A Short-period comets in our solar system orioinate within a ihin rin(y-shapcd region called the Kuiper Beli (KB). The KB has a small inclinaiion with respect lo ihe eclipiic plane and is locaied in the solar system between 30 A.U. and 50 A.U. from the Sun. The KB coniains bil- lions of icy bodies with diameters between 10 km 2nd 30 km. These comet-size objects are loo small io be clearly discerned 2t ihat distance wilh telescopes locaied on Earth's Surface. Sucli Telescopes have gaihered indirect evi- dence, but not clear images, of much laroer icy bodies that are part of ihe KB. The small inclinations of short-period comets, orbiial planes with respeci 10 the ecliptic plane are consisieni wilh an origin in Ihe KB. Ji has been discovered Ihal Other nearby stars have similar ie(Fions of icy bodies Surroundino ihem.

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Given The informaiion about short-period comets in Ihe introduct7on, which of ihe following inclinalions with respect to the ecliptic plane would most likely NOT be observed for the orbital planes of short-period comets? ACT*6F 46 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Accordin(y to Scienlist B, which of the following planets in our solar sysiem is most likely capable of chanoing the orbit of a long-period comet over time?

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Comei Halley currently has an orbital p¢iiod of 76 yr. According'to the information provided, Scientisi B would most likely currently classify Comei Halley as a: short-period comet Ihai originated in Ihe Oort Cloud. short-period comet that ori<yinated in the KB. Cloud.

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Based on Scientist A's viewpoinl, the 'much laroer icy bodies':,in thc KB rnost likely have diameters of:

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Suppose a Sludy of I nearby Star revealed thai il had:iio spherical shell of material slrnilar to the Ooit Cloud surrounding it. How. would this.,discov¢ry most lik.ely aff¢ct the scientists, viewpoints, if at alI? viewpoint. ACT.66F 47 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage Vl The process iikas rep?eaitd a¢*aiii excepi ilie 10 L iiuti'i- .ent soluiion.co.ntaiiied.:l?O %J..of Ndcl iiisiead of 3.cF of.N'aCI (see Table 3). Toiiiaio plant£ gi'ow.,pooi'ly' in high-sali eiii:ii"oniiienii. This effeci is caused by 2 processes.. A iiet Inovcilleiit ot H O beiiveen ihc cytoplasni of tlie plants, cells aiid the eniiironnient K'ia osmosi.% Table I An increase in the cytoplasniic Na, conceJitraiioii 120 0 of Naclilo L nutrient solulion Heioht (cni) Fruil niass The plaiit Ai'dl)idops'is rliali1117a cai'ries a oene, AINHXI. The product of this gene, VAC, faciliiaies upiake of cyioplagniic Na, by ihe plani's vacuoles. A researcher created 4 oenetically identical lines of IoiTJalo plants (LI-L4). An AINHXI oene from Ai'abidopsis Jh(Jliana was isolated and 2 ideniical copies of ihis gene were incorporated into Ll's oenome. This process was repeated wilh L2 and L3 using a different AINHXI allele for each line. so that Ll, L2, and L3 had different oeiio- types for AINHXJ. The researcher ihen did an experiment. Line Ll L2 L3 L4 118 115 34 36 Tables 1-3 adapied Irom Hong.Xia Zhang 8nd Eduardo Blur¥iwald, "Transgenic,.Salt-Toler2nt :.Tornato Planls Accumulate Salt irj Foliège Bul Nol in Fruil." @2001 by Nature Publishing Group. Experiii?enl rifty seedlinog from each of ihe 4 lines were gro￿1￿ 3n 10 L of nutrienl solulion for 80 days. The 10 L-nutrieni .solution contained H O. 12 0 of fei'iiliLer, and 3 g of Nlacl. The nutrient solution was replaced every 5 days. After 80 days, average height, average mass (wiihout.fruit), and averaoe fruit mass (per planl) were measured (see Table l ). Table I 3 g of NaCI/IO L nutrient solution . Height (crn) 124 128 120 124 Mass (kg) FruiE mass Line (kg) Ll L2 L3 L4

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

One plant produced no fruit and had a heighi of 21 Cm. Which of the following most likely describes this planE? solution conlaining 60 8 of Nacl. solution ¢ontaining 120 g of Nacl. solution containing 60 g of Nacl. J, It was from L4 and was grown in a l O L nutrient solution eoniainino 120 g of NaTr. This process was repeated except the 10 L nutrient 8olution contained 60 tr of Nacl instead of 3 0 of Nacl (see Table 2). Table 2 60 8 of NaCI/IO L nutrient solution Heighi Mass Fruit mass (cm)

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

During osmosis, water migrales Ihrough a setniperme- able barrier. The osInosis referred to in the passage occurs through which of the following structures? Line Ll L2 L3 L4 119 121 61 63 ACY.96F 48 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

For each line, as the concentration of salt in the nuiri- ent solutions increased, averatse plani mass.. increased only. increased, then decre<lsed.

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Which of Ehe followino was an independeni variable i the experxmeni? ACTI$P 49 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage Vll When'a. ieinpeTalui'e ilifference (A T) exisis beti¥eei7 Ilie ends,'of atj i115u12ted iiietdl rod (sec Fitture l ). heat flows from one end of the rod 10 Ilie other. [￿T- vhei'e TH aiid fc represent ihe teinperalure of Ihe hotler eiid and the colder eiid, respeciiiiely.) 100 Insulation rod hoiter -+ end colder end 10 12 leiioih lenoth (cm) side view (ci'oss seciion) Fioure 2 200 iod 150 end view (cr05s section) Figure I 50 The rate ai which heat flows is called the Iieai ira?Isfei' rofe, R. .cross-sectional area (cni ) Fioure 3 The followin¢ data apply to insulated copper rods. Table I gives R I￿erSUS 1ST for a 5 cm long rod wilh a cross- sectional aTea of 3 cm . In Fiuure 2, R is plotted against Icngih for rods having a AT of 30°C and a cross-sectional area of 3 cm . In Fioure 3, R is plotted against cross- sectional area for 5 cm long rods wilh a £JT of 30°C.

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

. Suppose ihe data for all of the plants. were plotted on a oraph with,height on the x-axis and mass (wiihout fruit) on'the y-axis. Suppose also that the best~fil line for ihese,data was deierniined. Which of.Ihe.followin(T iould.:mosi, likely characlerize the.slope of::.this.line. would be vertical.

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

The researchers included l of,the 4.lin¢s to serve.as a control. This line was most likely which one?

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

The daia in the passage best suppori ihe hypoihesis that the value of R decreases as which of the following properlies of insulated copper rods increases? Radius Table I (°c) (w* 10 20 30 40 50 24 48 71 95 118

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

A and B are both insulated Copper rods. Based on Figure 3, if B has the same length and AT as A, bui B has double Ihe cross-sectional area of A, Ihe ratio of R for B io R for A will be: wait - joulelsec ACT-$8F 50 GO ON TO THE NEXT WAGE. 40000000004

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

For any of Ihe rods described in the passatre, most heat is transferred between the ends, of the rod.by which of the following processes? I. Radiation II. Convection III. Conduction

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

Which of the following arrangeinents of identical insu- lated copper rods, all having the same AT between Ihe hotter end (H) and Ihe colder end (C), will have Lhe highesE value of R ? END OFTEST4 STOP! DO NOT RETURN.TO ANY OTHER TEST. ACT.66F 51 -Form 66F (April 2009) 'Antarctic Adventure Envlish Math Re2din Science l) D ?) F

Paper 62 · ACT April 2009 · Form 66F · Science Test

. Bas'ed on the.data in the passaoe. which of ihe follow- l intr Ipairs'of .temper.atures ai. Ihe ends'of. identical in.8U- lated copper rods.will.result in ihe hiohesi value of R g (°c) (°c} ?80 250 260 280 300