ACT Past Papers with Answers

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Is tht statement "The tRNA pioline gelle is linked to th¢ hexokinase gene" supported by. the information in Figure l ? F, No, the 2 genes are found on the same chromosome. lrnmune response Respiration PIotein synthesis

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Table I lists 3 genes. as being associated with diges- tion. According to Figure I, these 3 genes are: on different chromosomes. on the same chromosome. Table 2 lists 7 genètic diseases, the chromosome asso- ciated with each disease, and the mode of inheiitallGe for each disease.

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Based on the information'present¢d, which of the fol- lo,win8 genes is linked .to the neurofibromatosis gene? G: Growth hormone gene Table 2 Mode of inheritance Genetic disease Chromosome Tay-sachs disease Neurofibromatosis Familial hypercholesterolemia Duchenne mustular dystrophy Incontin¢ntia pigmenti Red-green color blindness Hemophklia A 15 17 autosomal recessive autosomal dominant 19 autosomal dominant

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Based on the information presenteii, which of the fol- lowing gelles is typically present in human males, but not in hutnan females? X-linked recessive X-linked dominant. X-linked recessive X-linked recessive ACT.65D 39 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 0000000004 Passage11 Six genetically identical lines of A. thaliana were, developed (Ll-L6). As shown in Table I, LI-L4 were each exposed to .a vector carrying l of the 4 cloned genes; L5 was cxposed only to tlie vector; and L6 was left untreated. Next, 10 plants from each line were grown, Table. I giires the.tocopherol concentration and the percent (yo) by mass of thé 2 types of tocopherol in the plants. type of vitaEuin E). It then conv¢rts some. y-tocopherol into -tocopherol (anothcr type of vitamin E). Ill G. Sojd, the en7yme TMT catalyzes this reaction: TMT y-tocopherol cL-tocopherol A, thaliand (a mustard plant). piodu¢e8 Y-tocopherol, but lacks TMT, so it produces only a sniall amount of Ix-tocopheTOI, Because (x-tocopherol is more effective at reducing cellular damage than is. y-tocopherol, a scientist tried to transfer G. soja's TMT gene inio A. Iholiana. Experiment 2 Four genetically different strains of A. thaliana were grown (Sl-S4). SI-S4 w¢re each exposed to a vector car-. ryillg YMTI. Expèriment I Four versions.of G. soja's TMT gene (TMTI-. TMT4) were cloned. Each gene was incoryorated into a vecror (a biological 'structure that cariies a gene and tiansfeTS It into the cells of an organism). Next, 10 plants from each strain were grown. Table.2 shoiirs the tocopherol concentration and the percent by mass of the 2 types of tocopherol in the plants. Table I Tocopherol concentration y-tocophèrol (%) (x-'tocopherol (lo) 97 97. 49 98. Line Treattuent (mgl.kg) 360 360 360 Ll L2 L3 vector + TMTI vector + TMT2 vcctor + TMT3 iiector + TMT4 vector untreated 51 L5 L6 360 360 99 99 Table 2 Tocophetol concentration y-tocopheKol (Yo) . (x-tocopherol (fo) Strain Treatment (mg/kg) 390 360 320 310 vectoi + TMT I vector + TMTI vector + TMTI vectOT + TMTI 99 97 91 S2 S3 99 Tables adapted from D. Shintani and D. DellaPenna, "Elevating the Vitamin E Content of Plants Through NQetabolic Engineering.: 01998 by the Amèrican Association lor tho Advancemenl of Sclence. 4CT-66D 40 GO ON TOTHE NEXT PAGE. 4ioooooJoo,4

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

At the end of Exptrimenr 2, which of the 4 strakns had the greatest amount of y-tocopherol per kilogram of plant material?

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

One of the A. thaliana strains used in Experiment 2 was geneLically identical to the A, thaliana used in Experiment l. Based on th¢ results of Experiments I and 2, this strain was most likely:

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

To determine whether exposure to the vector alone affected tocopherol concentration in Experiment I, one should compare the results froin which 2 lines? ACT-65D ' 41 GO ON TO THE NEXT P GE. 40000000004 Passage 111 An elevated inclined plane makes an angle, O, with a floor. Points A and B on rhe inclined plane are O.SO apart. Point B is at a height H above the floor (see Figure l). Key sphere 81ides: mbol H (m) sphere path of sphere 0,40 floor 0,20 14-X-• Figure I 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 9(°) A solid metal sphere is released from rest at Point A and travels down the inclined plane to Point B. The sphere is in free fall between Points B and C and first hits ihe floor at Point C, a horizontal distance X from the bottom of the inclined plane. Figure 3 Figure 2 shows how X varies with O for different H if the sphere rolls from Point A to Poillt B. Figure 3 shows ILOW X varies with 6 for different H if the sphcTe slides from Point A to Point B. Key spherF ¥olls: symbol H (m) 1,00

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

The scieniisi b'elieved that l of .the 4 cloned genes in Ekperiment I pii)duced an enzyme thaL was less effi- cient than the enzyme produced by the other 3 trenes. Based on the results, this. gene was most likely; D, TMT4. F, Sl H, S3

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

After reviewing the data from Experiment 2, the scien- tist concluded that the transfer of the TMT gene to l of the strains was unsuccessful. This strain was most likely:

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Which of the following best explains why Ihe scientist wanted to transfer the TMT gene from one organKSm to another? by some of the G. soja plants by some of-the A. thaliana plants by some of the G. soja plants by some of the A. tholiana plants

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Based on Figures 2 and 3, for the spliere either sliding or rolling down ihe inclined plane and for H - 1..5 m, as g increases from 5° to 45°, X . increases only. increases, then decreases. 0,80 0,60 0,40 13, For the sliding sphere at e - Io. if H= 0.5 m, X would most likely be: A, less than 0.56 m. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 e(°) Figure 2 ACT.65D 42 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

A

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

For the sphere sliding down the inclined plane and H - 2.0 m, if X had be¢n plotted every 2.5° instead of every 5° between 8 - 5: and 8 - 45°, X ivould ￿0st likely have been greatest at which of the following a ?

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

If H = 2.0 rn for the rollillg s most likely be closest to whic here and 6 - 50° X will of the following. time time ACT-850 43 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage IV . Using the circuit shown in Figure I, students studied the variables that affect the electrical resistance, R, of a wire. Study 2 The students found R for copper test wires of dkfferent lengths. Each wire was at the teniperature of the test wires in Study. l and was 0.130 mm in cross-sectional area (see Table 2). voltmeter arnmetei Table 2 test wire Length (cm) 50 100 150 200 (volts)

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Whi¢h of the following figures best shows how the sphere's killetic energy varies with tiEne as the sphere travels down the incline? time time

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

D

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

The results of Study 3 are best represented by which of the following figuIes7

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Which of the following correctly lists the wires tested in Study l in order of increasillg electrical iesistance? wire wire wire wiie voltmeter. wire. wire. rheogtat. ACT-65D 45 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage V Rock types can often be diffeientiato.d by the rare earth elements (REBS) they contain. Table I shows the average concentration of 2 REES, iieodymium and, samar- ium, in 4 igneous rock types (oceauic basalt, continental basalt, andesite, and granite) and als.o in 3 sedimentary rock types (shale, sandstone, and dolornits). Figure I shows the relative concentration of REES in various igneous rock types and in sedimentary rocks taken as a group. Relative concentration is calculated using ihe following formula: relative ¢oncentTation of REE .ill Tock type average concentration of REE in rook'typ? average concentration of REE in metsorite$ Table I Average concentration (ppm,) of: Rock type neodymiuill samarium Meteoiites, taken as a group, are used to calculate the relative concentration because their composition is dis- tinctly different from any Earth rock. Igneou8 rocks oceanic basalt continental basalt andesÉte granite Scdimentary rocks shale sandstone dolomite 10 50 30 50 30 15 Key oceanic basalt continental basalt -tr- andesite 'ppm - parts per million sodium granite sedimethtary rocks 56 lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium 58 60 62 samarLDm europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium 64 66 68 70 72 20 50 100 200 500 relative concentration of REE in lock type Figure I Figure adapled from S. R08s Taylor and Soott McLennan, "The Evolution ot CDntinenlal Crust." @1996 by Scientific American, Inc. ACT-65D 46 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 000000000 23, According to Figure I, oceanic basalt and continental basalt differ the most in their relative concentrations of which of the followxng REES ?

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Sup ose that the length of the copper Wire tested in Stuly 4 had been 200 cm illSt¢ad of 100 cm. Based on the results of Study 2, when th¢ temperature of the copper test wire was 60°C in Study 4, V would most likely have been closest'to which of the following? .G. 0,16'volt .H. 0,26 volt

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Based on Studies 2 and 3, a Copper test wire ai the temperature of the test wires in Studies 2 and 3 will have the greatest electrical resi&tance if the test wire has which of the following lengths and cross-sectional areas? Length (cm) 20 20 40 40 cross-sectional area cross-sectional area Cross-sectional area .(rrim') ,

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Given the position of the ammeter in the ckrcuit shown in Figure I, which of the following assumptions about the electrical current were the students most likely

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

B

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

A chemical analysis of another group of samples of I of the.igneous rock iypes listed in Figure I revealed the following rèlative concentrations for 3 of its REES.,

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Which of the following'statements comparing the aver- age concentration? of neodymium and samarium in the rock types listed ill Table l is. true? cohcentration is lower than the average satharium concentration. concentration is higher than the average samarium concentration. concentration is lower than ihe average samarium concentration, in other rock types, the average neodymium concentration is equal to the average samarium concentration. concentration is highcr than the average samarium concentration; in othex rock types, the average neodymium concentration is equal to the average samarium concentration.

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Based on Figure l. the relative concentration of terbium for limestone, another rock type, would most likely be: Relative concentration REE Lanthanum Europium Ytterbiurri ,91 10

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Ill Figure I, the plot of relative concentration. versus atc>rnic number covers the smallest range of relative concentrations for which of the following rock typés? According to Figure I, to which rock type do these samples most likely belong? ACT-65D 47 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage Vl

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

w.hich of the following diagrams is most consistent with Scientist 2's description of how CO2 enteTS and is removed from Earth's atmosphere? atmosphere CO, --> CO, Four billion years.ago (4 B YA), the Sun was only 70go as bright as it ks today, With sunlight that faint, Earth's average surface temperature should have been -15°C and all surface water would have been frozen.. Howevei, iso- tope evidence from cert&in sedirnentary rocks (rocks madc of sediments deposited in liquid water) fonned axound that time indicates that Earth's surface temperature was well above freezing. Scientists believe that l of 2 greenhouse gases, either ammonia (NH3) or carbon dioxide (CO ), was present in Earth's atmospher'¢ at a concentration well above that of the respective gas in the atxnosphere today. This gas trapped enough heat radiating from Earth, s surf'ace to keep the surface temperature above freezing. carbonatc deposits atmosphere Two scientists present their viewpoints. volcano carbonate deposits , H. atmosphere co, Scientist I Four BYA, large quantities of NH3 continuollsly entered Earth's atEnosphere from ocean-floor hydrothermal vents and by other processes. NH3 is a more efficient greenhouse gas than is CO , so a lower concentration of NH3 18 required to warm the aimosphere a given ainount. Any NH3 molecule entering. the atniosphere would have been bToken down in 5-1 O days by UV radiatlOD. HoweveT, methane (CH4),. &nother gas that was abundant in the atmosphere 4 B YA, combined with molecular nitrogen gas to produce organic compounds that blocked much of the incoming UV radiation and kept NH3 njolecules intact for much longer than 10 days. Continuous removal of CO from the atmosphere by ocean water prevented CO from accuinulating in the atsnosphere. volcano carbonate deposits atmosphere co, volcano carbonate deposits

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

CH4 is also a gre¢nhousc gas. Scientist I would most. likely agxee Èhat the presence of CH4 in Earth's atmo- sphere 4 B YA: reduced thc quantity of NH3 present. increased the quantity of CO2 present. Scientist 2 Two carbon kSOtope8 found in sedxn]entary rocks indi- cate a 7510 higher collcéntration of CO2 in Earth's atmo- sphere 4 B YA than the 360 parts pcr million (ppm) present today. Four BYA, large quantities of CO2 Colltinuously entered the atmosphere through wi,despread, long-term Vol- canic activity. Today, as in the past, much co2.is removed from the atmosphere as CO becomes part of carbonates in rock and sediment.on land. However, 4 BYA, there was 80fo less dry land area on. which to form and store Carbon- ates, so CO2 accumulated in the atmosphere. The vast amounts of CH that would be required to help pxeserve atmospheric NH did not exist on Eaith 4 BYA. Thus, atmospheric NH was too short-lived to have been an effective greeJJhouse gas. 30,. A given concentration of NH3 in Earth's atmosphere can trap as much heat radiating from Earth's surface as can a CO2 concentration 3 times hkgher. Given this information and Scientist 2's viewpoint, the present- day concentration of 'NH that Wollld trap an amount of heat equivalellt to that trapped by the pre8ent-day coll- entration of CO2 would be approximately: 50 ppm. 80 ppm. ACT.6SD 48 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

H

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

The Surj was 3010 dimmer 4 BYA thau it is today. Assuming the r latiye proportions of all greenhouse gases in Earlh's tmosphere hay8 Stayed constant, both scientists would most likely agree that the minimum total concentration of all gr.eenhouse gases necessary to keep Earth's surface tempera￿re above freezing 4 BYA was: more than the minimum total concentration Deces- sary'today. necessary today. Sary today, but not zero: zeTO.

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

. Suppose volcanic activity, 4 B YA produced large quan- titles of CH . Which scientist would most likely use this information to support hislher viewpoint? entered Earth's atmosphere 4 B YA. entered Earth's atmosphere 4 B YA. 'H. Scientist 2, because it would explain how CH entered Earth's atmosphere 4 B YA. entered Earth's atmosphere 4 B YA.

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

'In order to protect NH fi.om incoming UV radiation, the organic compounds had to be located: was present. at or above the elevation in the atmosphere where NH3 was preseht. on the ocean floor near where NH3 was-produced in knydrothernial vents. on land near where NH3 was produced from.car- bonate deposits.

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Scientist 2 would mosi likely agreé thaL the concentra- tion of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere 4 B YA was closest to. which of the followillg , 75 ppm ,T. 630 ppm ACT.8SD .49 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage Vll Students conducted experiments to study the effects of temperature on den81ty. In the experiments, each flask was filled to the top with either distilled w.ater or salt (Nacl) water at 20°C. A rubber stopper with 2 holes-one litted with a thermometer and the other fitted with glass tubing-was placed in the neck of the flask (see figure of"appaTatus). Experimeni 3 Two saltwater solutions were piepared. Solution I had a lower salt concentration (in g/mL) than did Solution Il. Two flasks containing Solutions I and lx, respect£vely) were slowly heated. In both flasks, Lhe salt water IAY the tubing rose and then squirted out :the top of the tubing (at 102°C foi Solution l and at 104°C for Solutioll Il). Two flasks containing Solutions I a￿d II, respectively, were cooled as in Experiment 2. In both flasks, the height of the salt water in the tubing decreased until the tempera- ture reached -6°C and then remained level (no freezin oc¢urTed).

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Water in the uppcr part of a hypothetical 2-compartment container is at IO°C, and water in the lower part is at 80°C, as shown in the figure below. water at lO°C The initial height of the liquid ill the tubing was adjusted to 25 mm above the top of the stopper. water at 80°C If the barrier separating the 2 compartments could be removed ivithout disturbing the water, what mixings if any, would occur? upper part of the container is more dense than the water in tbe lower part of the container. upper part of the container is less dense than the water in the lower part of the container. lower part of the container is moie dense than the watei in the upper part of the container, .lower part of the container is less dense than the watcr in the upper part of the container. 36, Based on the result8 of Experiments l and 3, 1 L of distilled water with which of the following quantitiés of Nacl added to'it ivould inost likely boil at the lowest temperature? Experiment I A flask filled with, distilled water was slowly heated. As the temperature of the wa￿1 increased, the height of the water in the tubing increased.. At IOO'C, water and steam squirted out the top of the tubing. Experim¢nt 2 The body of ia flask filled with distilled water was subwerged in a cold baih at -6°C, As ihe temperature of the water in the apparatus decreased, the heighL of the water in the'"tubing decreas¢d. At 4°C, the height of the water in the tubing stopped decreasing. and then began to increase. At O°C, ivater and ice were forced out the top of the tubing. Eventually, the flask cracked in sevei-al places.

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

G

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

C

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Which of the following changes in the procedure of Experimellt 3 would have provided the most informa- tion about the effect of d¢creasing temperature on the density of salt water? 0 2 4 6. 8 10 12 temperature (°C) .

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

Suppose that equal volumes of Solutions l and II from Experiment 3 were mkxed and the iesulting solution was'then tested as in Experiment l. Salt water would most likely have started to squirt out of the top of the tubing when the temperatuxe was. JL less than lOO°C, 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 teMperati￿e ('C) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12. temperature (°C)

Paper 67 · ACT April 2008 · Form 65D · Science Test

As the height of the water in the glass"tubing decreased in Experiment 2, which of the following properties of the water in the apparatus also changed? I. Volume Il. Mas8 III. Density F: I only 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 temperature (°C) EWD OF TEST 4 N TO ANY OTHER TEST. STOP! DO N T RETU ACT-86D 51 Form 13N ACT Assessment, Writing Test Prompt (April 2008) In some high schools, students are limited to participating in only one school-related extracurricular activity or sport each school year. Some parents support such a limit because they think involvement in multiple activities leaves little time for schoolwork and family responsibilities. Other parents do not support such a limit because they think students need many opportunities to explore their interests and talents if they are to make decisions about their futures. In your opinion, should high school students be limited to participating in only- one extracurricular activity or sport each school year? In your essay, take a position on this question. You, may ,write may present a different point of view on this question. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. Forni 65D (April 2008) Th¢ Hunt for Morel Mushrooms Math Readln Sclence l) B