ACT Past Papers with Answers

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

As rei'ealed in the passage, the father is best de.%cribed as:

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

The autbor iiiiplies the crnotional stqte of die charac- ters primariJ}F thi'ougb, t.4e lige of extcnsiire di<ilogue. an objective arjd oinniscienl narrator.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Delores in the back. father leans over arid sw'itches on Ine raaio: PTeaictablJ'. franLic¢illy searchintr .tbe dial . for the local jazz station. His hon'ifi£d expression frG¢zes J explain, in the dpologeti.c tOTJe of a parent inforiiing the child that the iEe-cream ve'ndor won't be O ioming todav, that Los .41}LYeles' only jazz %tation is noThi defunct. But I bplieiie, l-say quickly. in an effort to smooth out the E47rinLles in'his face. that thete's 2nother nonc.onimerci"dl broadcast from one of the local univer- rities. His radar ever intact, he finds the broadcast,. His 5 finaers stop moi.ing only when ihe dial slides into lilek DaiFlS'S muted horn blaTing out at us. The disc jockey is spi4llino a recent composition. My father and l inhale dteply, both of us iiThniediaiely recogniziiitr the sionatllre horn, preiending we don't, my fDot and fin- 60 tTer.r tapping lo Ihe rliJFthm of genius. as we consciously sideEtep the polential ar(rLmeDt yie,engage' in frbm time to time reoarding. the. nierit of Mi.les's conlempoTary coniributions. My fathers jazz elitist and purist, .f￿MlY and L'nequivocally and inexorably theorize.s that the 6K le.geuda,-y Iiorll blos4'er hcis done absolutely nothino rnL1Sj￿allV ￿'Or￿￿vhI]e recently. He sold out,. my father upnc:Ids. He'5 gr0￿Fing. I contradict. We can t and shouldn'l expect him to reppAt ivh&t be did ID the fifties PROSE FICTION: Thls passage is adapled.Irorn thr short Story "My Father's Son" by Steven Corbin {Q1 gQ6 by The Eslate of Qleven Corbir71,.which appeared in the anlhology Sli864light5.' Illuminaling Tal&s of the Urban Bl-ck Experiénce. Ilyhen J pick up mv father alld his girlfriend at Los Anuelcs J.ntern£ltional Airport he stops short 'J¢fore e,mbrdciiig me. blinks repeatedly in disbelief: S￿,.,.]eS or Smir1￿ crooLedl.y and tentalii.'cly, judgino me, <izing ￿￿e 5 up tbi'outrh his tT2deinark horn-riillined glasset and uliraconseniative miid-browll es?e.s: i4ihich cut &Trn)edi- alely to the Thirs, dreadlncks bouiicillg aroiind fore- he2d, and his gldre that screams 117hai kEfLda trtrCiTd .yning you gone ond d.one io yourself this titne ? distui-bingly 10 familiar Jjet intimidatino and benevolerjt at the Rame time, reduces me, as it moqt often does deipite Tr.y thirt)ysomethin(r vears, to the little t)Ike in dunoarees and high-top sneaLe.rs I once was, ill diie need of my father's love. lind approiial. For weeks I was preocLU- 15 pied wiitb and E'exed myself over iyhat msr father ￿ld I would possibly talk al)ollt for seven ddys aiid ceiten n.ighis, Constantls, beinG ioGether arjd SPI￿.1￿0 each meal, sleeping ID the hoiise daJi.in. daiT Out. after our years of estrange.nie.nt sealed by an impromp;u rec- 20 onciliation. But now ihdt he.'s hei"e and we moi'.e iOWdTd one another, I suddenly aclcn4)wled{re that teven da)'s might not be. sufficient lime tLI encomp4￿$ all ihat we . have to say to each oiher. 70 Stu6 JiiFig mv faiher at red. liJts and throutsJi inW- .TiTient glances that punctuate our coniiersation, I r6al- ize: und.erst2nd. and accept, as I neiier have before, that be is indeed agincw Still remarkably handsome, even da8hino for hig middle age, his silky hair, short and 15 black and and parted at the side ag it ￿..aS the day he niuried my rkjother at age lilrentv. is his %ole physi- cal attribute th_at Jemains timeless. When I became a teenaoei-. Ih- -n seryued into youn(y adulthood, the matu- ration of niy trrollFEh having kicked in, sh2ping and 80 Jryola-DO the aL4lllt face through which l Uiould see the 4iorld: a fac.e Lhat would pr2tts' rnuch sta): the. same foT- ei'er diAd -IIAla!.'o people benan ph.vFically Lomparints me io r,), ia¥ner, a coffjparisoij il'took me aiiihile to Lrei L4¢eo to. Eiien b5, tnotlisr Mioula. loolc at nie, ohake her 85 head. fiTIAI -% ¢he"h.Iysm-j&if4med. to her%elf at the alleaed t2r_I re.<eTii blanc" could neiier oee. I'ou are siour -r s JO.ri ¢11 rioht: she-d sav. His girlfriend DeloI'es sLoop£ me up in her arras, 23 deli￿hted to see nie agaia. Mv father stands off to the gide, neTvousI}i awaitiiig his tiirn, large: rucged, cal- lused bands thrust deep incide his pants pocketi as" he ches hirnqelf up for a fleetin£: ep,4emeral r,oment of intimacy witb anoiher adult male. Surprising me, he 30 locks me in an eTnbrace tliat is both inacho and compa<_ S30nate dnd he doesn'l let go first: whicli is fo&eiorJ to me since I can coullt: on orje hand, tlie paucity c,r occa- ions w."hen m), fatlier has embraced me: ano in his louch I cali feel, almost P<Llpably, his Éri8tifibaiion in 35 seein cr his firsiborij fnr Lbe firf t time SiDce tTh,'o Clrif l_ m&.£es ago. Before leaving the terminal, Delores -ItLiSts upon takino a photo of us: fatbjer and son: ddv Ofie of ie arriiral, n3), arm wi-opped around him aad ihe -. i=id- ity of his pose: the tlél Iitening o.f his Tr.US¥2les a 40 talltDess of his spine, Ihat won't be C&nbD.Ired bv tije camera's uperture and recorded on th- Cèlluloid. l. The central concern presented in the passage is: that they. ￿.,111 never oet alontr the reunion and recollcilialion between a father and a son. a fadier's first impression of the city llrhere hig son has chosen to live. eptions he holds about his son.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

. 11 can reasonably be inferi.ed from tlie second para- raph (lines 24-41) that Lhe narrator is surprised by: the deep f.eeling transmitted in his father's ernbrace.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Tlie interactiolls between the narrator's father and Ihe narrator in Iines 36-41 reveal a relationship that is best described as one that: to Los An(yeIes.. seems to.be strained despite the efforts of tbe father and son to reunite. that botLI remeinber from the past. survives despite the son's desire to distallce him- self from hi8 father.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

. The main purpose of the first paratrraph is to provide: de8criptio.n of the long-standing persona.1 dynaini¢ between the narrator and his faiher. vious to this meeting. an explanation. of the. recent ei ents that Frompted the faiher.'s trip. clarification about whiEh ch.aracter planned and iJ]ltiated this fomily visit. restrained and unforoiving. opinionated aiid flamboyant. scl.fless btst iinpulsive. intimidating but compassionat¢.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

As revealed in Ihe first paragraph, in this meeting with his.father, the narrator"realizes for the first time which of tlie foIJowing. .tOT feel. like a child again. 8onal style eboices. n]i&ht allow.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

As il is llsod in line 31, the word for4i8n niost nearly means:

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

The narrator considers his father's assèssments of the rjewer jazz worLs of Miles D<lVlS to be.. strong and h￿Sty. old-fash30ned and held by most ligteners. convincing and foTceful. Passage 11 the Th'aL'e of tlie 1849 gold rush: passed a flat rate for all letters, nor graded for distance as some sarly rates -i'e. In 1856 all mail in the United States had to be, prpfr)aid (as opposed to COD, or cash OD deliirery), and 60 a reoistered mail service was founded to help prevent the Ioss of valuables, though it wa2 I'arely used. In 1858 streei drop boxes, introduced in London iij l855, were first used :n the LT nited Slates. By the late l 850s, then, it u'as possible to mail a letter sealed in an envelope, 65 paid for with a prepurchased stamp, aiid dropped into a public box. No longer did Ilie sender have to come under the 5CIUtiny of the receiling postal employees" (Nfathew. J. Bo￿1ver). No sentincls guarded ihe gales to the s)'stem. Confidenliality w'as now possible. SOCIAL SCIENCE: This passage is adapted from Spe&king inio A'he Air.. A Hi<tory Dt the Id88 ol Commun.icatiDn by John Durham Pelers (Q1999 by the Uniiiersity ol Chicago). Strangely enough, little research in media history, haq been done on correspondeiice bj, letler. Nledia his- torians are beginning to take the post office .%eriously as a Icey site for understanding the deirelopment of com- 5 municatioiis. The ciiltural hiqtorv of the mails is a ieiiiarkably rich source for philosophical visions of the varieiies of communicatii'e experience. The notion that the mails involi'e delik'ery of a pi'i- vale, specifically addressed niessag¢ ￿laS Jate in evolv- 10 ing. I"he curreni division of (Tenres between p￿TSonal dnd public cori"espondcnce did nol e.xac.tl)i exist ID ihe colonies. The 'f￿nIllar. Ictter w'as distinct from the T)eThisletter, the forerunner of ihe filodern nei4spaper, bul 15 bodi could be edited foi" and by the public, NTellisletiers h(id iiers high PdSS-alon(y raies. thejp were meant quite literdlly to circulare iimong re.aders ivlio would FAand- wriie additional noiices in lilanlc spaces left for that purpose. In a sirnilar way, pei'gonal le.tters in the LTnited 20 St¢ltes could be raided for publ.icatl013 in the neH7tptper or at least for postmastLI-_l¢d diSCUSsion. SoEne post- JJILl%ters in the colonial period ap.parentJy fieelv qR]oied in their newspapcrs froni love leiiers and personal cor- respondence. Not onljp was co￿tellt open to stray eyes, 25 bui the i'eceipt of mail was itself public because local post off.ices in the United Slates routinely k.ept lotr_ books on ￿lhO purcFidsed pogta(re for Hihat mail, since Pdjiment was typically made by the recii)ient rather than Ihc sender before the 1850s. Hence not only were loca] 30 POStma.%ters ivell informed On local readiD¢T h&bilS, thev ve.re privy to much of the Dews locally in circujation and often monitors, even ceiisors, of wliat neurspapers local postal patrons would read and Th,hat maij they would receive. The post mia.s not a secure chdnnel. Let_ S5 ters then Thierc niore like postcards today-boih pri- vately. addressed and publicly accessible. 70 Here, then, we have a ssystein of public communi- cation, connected to every rfiddress in Ihe nation, Ihat allouis for the conveyance of private ine,S52Bes'iTJ sealed packaoes. Trlail, the circulation .8y'Stem of ikiiting and oiher Liiyhtweight cargo, 'as DO lo,nger locally 75 in.IPeLted to Ihe sarne defyree. Stamps, eiivelopes, and di.op boxes rnade the individual sender ill principle sov- ereign over ihe leiiex. The post offjce had thus inade an inheTentlJ' public and plural signifyiDO S3PStem i.nto one ooN'erned by the privaie will of ihe sender. The post 80 office, by acc.ommodating Sinder-imposed restrictioiis OD receivers. had transform-d letters fTDm creatures of dissemination iiito creatures of apparent dialogue. Since the mid-nineteeDtlI century, posral pracllces iii Nort13 Ainerica and Western Europe quite explicitly sought to contain the potential for straying missil'es by 40 giNing senders private control over Lheir letiers and ni(Iking the address circuitry much iDore focused. The key inDovationS that Look place in the iThio middle decades of ilie century tllade the tnodern private letter possible. Tlie first postage stamp appeared in 1840 ir. 45 Great Britain, bearino a portrait of Queen Victoria. N-.0 lonoer did one i)eed to see d postmaster to pav for car- riage, mdrking a kev slep ioivt7rd i.Tnpertonality in access. In the l 840s adhesiTr:e postage siarn￿ Pf £ippe&-ed in the LTnited S'late¢ first ac local, prii,'aie iCSUWQ￿15 JiiJ it2 50 1841 the firot national ¢12mp i4'as llllihorized b!, Ihe Llniied State£ Contrregs. The first L:niled Staief Da;enl for 6lliielope* iijas '.stued in 1840 Ev sealinp ofj con_ tenis ao Alllst irJ<PrClion. eniielopes gaiie letters aD eniirelij neiip aura of priiiaci., In 1851 COD￿J.eS£ perFiaps 55 n)otjVdted to secure RinkthTh<re w7itFJ Ihe Pacific Coast in I l. The main idea of the pa%satre is thai., no pi-ivacv to letter sender5 and eiien allowed their letters to be prinlea in Dew%ptipers. it w.a5 onl¥. &fteI envelopes we.re introduced ihat le.ter tenders in Ihe United States were assured their mail M.'as confidential. is higi4liEhted by the tvolution of letlers frorn Lcin£ public io private. re*edrch Jnto the historji of the mai.15yStem in the United Siales Rlioiv.£ ihal th6 ti'anEition of letters irom beiri. publjc lo piiTrate war pronipied by innoi:ations in Great Brilain.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Source question 11. Refer to the source image.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

The rnain idea of the third paratrraph (lines 3 1-69} is Ihat:

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

As if is used in lines 81-82 10 describe leiters, the ter crea¢ures of di.Yseminciliopi most iiearlsr means that letLers', alloived iwo people to liave a written convei'.EatlDn iith each other. Ivere the veliicles used by postmasters to censor inforniaiion. tended to start n]mors.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

AccordiAg to the Pciisag.e: w'luch of Ihe fLillowing w'as the final innoiTLtion th&lt allowed Ictters to be sellt iithout postmaster scrutiny.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

ALcording to the passage, which of the follolliji)g state_ menLS IS tnie of Lolonial nelliipapers? personal letters.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Information in the second paragraph (lirkes 8-36) make8 It clear that postmasterf in colonial times: vere vtslunteers and therefore did not get paid. today. were often llewspaper editors as well. opposed the idea of adhesive poSta￿e stamps. mid-nineteenTh-centun." innovations giviR(F senders rnore power over Èbe contents and Iiandlino of lel- ters made the prii'ate letter of today possible. the introduction of prepaid inail service in the lliid-nineteenth century oreatl}' inci ea.qed the popu- larity and colifvenience of the U.S. poslal s}.'RterA. in the mid-nineteenth ceniury. made censorship of letters by postmasters unlil-els,. tiiry no longer came under the scrutiny of post- asters, letters .begarA to carry different. inforn].ation.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

The passage inost strongly suo -gests that prior to the 1850g the rècipient of a letter would: censored the letier. letter.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

AccordiDg to the passage, Ivhen was a U.S. patent 18sued for. envelopes? r. Prior to the iniroductton of. the ftrst postagé stamp in Great Brit<(in Lil Lhe United 3tates the,ULited States London

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

The passatic states thdt the Rame )iear registered mail was introduced in the'UELiled States, all mail had to be: inspected by a postmaster: Collected frorn a drop box. contained in an envelope.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

According to the passage, reiTiStered mail seivice in Ehe United States was: made possible bj, the introductloll of prepaid postage stamps. rarely used. passage 111 ?5 ni(Tht rituals, a unit others monjentarily dissected by agkinu vJhich of us was older, as if those thirteen inin- utes YATrere the oiilv distinciion between us. So, on the midlife Trornin0'￿'.hen I stood in m>. bedroom and felt Ihose thirteen minutes utterlv dissolve, the realization SO swept over me that if I didn't knoiii which oiie of us as older. if that distinction disappear¢d, then I might ler5 ￿le11 be my sister. not Jne. LooLillcf in the mirror didn't help. I rccoonized tbe face, knew this body was Ihe writer's and that other oue the designeT'S. But J felt 65 somehow it ivas qUiLe possible that I had momentarily sloshed into her body ¢?nd she into mine, that this mioht noi be ￿e now sitting on the bdthi'oon) noor, the way if you take a Stick and di17 a chaiinel between puddles in the dirL the water from each puddle heads lOw￿.d the 70 oiber, and there's nothing to slop the exchange of liquid %0 ihat, in just an instant, there'5 soiiie new, doiible- bulged bodv of iiiater, bul no recognizable puddle A or puddle B. HUMANITIES.. This passage is adapied IFOM Ihg essay °Erased Edges. by Barbera Hurd1¢2001 by Bc4rbar2 Hurd). Once. l enrcilled in <1 w'eeklong seminai to Jeal how, the government delineates ￿le[la1]ds. Tbe govern- nient"'s guide ro. findinu Lhe edge of a swamp is fift5: paoes long, con]pJete with oraphs and soil maps vou 5 necd a niacrllifsring glass LO de.cipher. But a liquid land- scape cannot be nailed down ￿'1th maps and Ch￿tS any ,more th£ri loiie can be uJidcrsiood as a biochem2cal reaction of pheronione8. Tr!rin¢7 to define the edge of a ,8wamp is like trying 10 to put a Deatly folded shadovli inlo a dressei. di'awer. Oi efforts to outliiie tliese places arife from d desire foT tidiness. a wish ihat nothing iindefined lurk around our own edges. But the truth is, even hunia,n boundaries .8lJift. Sorne rnorni.iigs, I Myak"e up feeling sinall and corn- 15 pact. I barrel thrDugli tkose da)IS, leAcliing., oryening Ellail, and •i'adin(T paper% like a self-pi"opv.Iled lawn mo.wer. Otlici days, .I feel huge. air!, olobular. Someone. blomps tliroueh thc bubble Miand, and I billow out my f'roiit door, roll inLo ihe garden. inio c.lasÈ. I C<in't Oi ade 20 a thing, but l.cdn sec tl?e shddow a poem m&k"es, Ivhere it waiits to.go. On ihose da}ps, I Cdn live. ii'ith how the 8dLYes of a illiainp shift. ho￿1 Its und.erbellip can soine- timcs surgc in the center and open up into a pond. hoN' the pond can disappear and the woods around the 25 perimcter go sogoy oi'ernight. Here's what I loiie about tli= in-belmièen: its inlier- 15 enl arnbiouity, bow it invites a 5Mia)Fing of the irnag- inalion, a languid hammock swin8 betll'eeri two definitions, Lwo identities. The mjnd, like the body. SWAngs sideways. rises oiyer one: bed of pps%ibilities. pauses at the peaL, consideTS, sweeps doRin and OiFer to 80 ihe oiher side. I am-one twin. tlien ihe otliei.. ,Tliis slliamp is I8￿d firsl. and ihen Th?ater; Ihis turtle in my band a waddler. and now a sivimmer. We arÈ shape- shifters, all of us. liquid mosaics of niutable and tran- sient urges, and w'e crive oursejves beadacheg when 85 we pretend otherwise, when we stjtfen iiito. p¢rToanenl and separate identities unsullied by the drifting slop. the ￿erV real ambiguities of ouTseliies the world. Onct, as children, my iwin sistei. aiid I f3cI)ioned Ollr own qcedpod by threadints an old rope tliroatrh the four coriier grommets of a L2rpaulin and flinoino Ihe r(Ipe"s frayed end over a large limb of a mai)le in front 30 of the hau.qe. We sai cross-lettoed in tl)e middle of the Larp and pulled on the rope Until the fouT Corners ro.se ai'ound us, enclosing us, and the tsack began io rise off the ground. We were actiially able to hoist ourse.lves a few feet in(0 the air this way and dan£le there. a L4aki- 35 ￿.¢.ell sack of twins. a pod hanEinrfJ heav), on the vine. its se.eds hidden ill.8ide, suspeiided and swa)'ing oi'er the front law.n of a suburban neighboi"Iiood. At that tiTlle, rny family. lived just a half mile or so from a srnall pond: One .%piin8 I spent Thpeeks ihei"e 40 imagininÉy rny stick was a giant pencil with <1 pirjk nibber" eraser on the end. I imaLYined ci"ouching on the banL of the pond and %ysteInatlCdlly ei"asin(f Ihe edoe. Thei'e was soniething quite maiyical about tlie notion Ihat iiou could chan£re the (Tround you stood on by eras- 45 ing some line. Tlie gift of. ambigiiity IR ihat il sti-etches u8. l-es s lefs rigid. Nudges us out of eiLhei/or ihiiiLi;ICr One niornino when I was foil!'.tw'o, I siooij iii my bedTLlOm: cljanoino from a sM,"eat shirt to a T-shii-l: and .iuddenly I SQ couldn't remetnber iiihetlier my twin or J wa£ oldei. Tas I Bab), Girl A or BabN' Gill B? From the momtnl of our birih, in spite of our P&if.nts' best .ffon% r.o di ferentiate us: Mie were 'ihe tii.-iriS, a iiniÈ ￿pIlO 5haTed bedI'ooiis aijd frierids and cbores and cjoihes rtiid oood- ?1. In the passatie: IPJe auihor rttfers to hei-self a£ all of tlie filjlowino E_ICEPT: .l. Tr)er Twin sister. a shape-shifier. a ilcail}.- fA olded Shado￿$ -Iled lawn ma￿1￿1., a %elf-prop- ?? The, author would most likely aoree with which of the folloiving statemenis about the seminar mentioned in the first paraDraph? most of Ihe siudent,8 expected to learn. about wetlands, but it fell short of satisfyino the author's Curiosity. aoetnent dnd motivated the author to do graduate work in the tield. w:ith accounts of person.al experiences in ￿￿etlands.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Source question 21. Refer to the source image.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Source question 22. Refer to the source image.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

As it is used in tlie passage, the phrase "a biochemical reaction of pheroniones" flines 74) represents: a governmelll.8pon60red Hietland ¢valuation. arj exchange the narra.tor obsei'ves in swamps. an abiurdly insufficieiit dcfinitian of love.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

The wol'd spL)dT in line 96 refers to the: ,author's ide.as., autl)Or'and heT sislcr. noxt gelleraiion of wetland iYra%8es.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Source question 25. Refer to the source image.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

14Thich of tl)e folloTh'ino best describe* hoThi tlie auilior uses the ref'erence ro the turtle (lirie 81)? huJndns' slomi progress toward iinder8tanding. Lhou ci hrlevsl)i ihrou&h life. thing that has niore thali one identity. that people use to protect ihemselves from uncertainty.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Inforniation in the pass ge indicates that the author's a(ve when she Mirote th.is passaoe was:

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Trfhich of the follo￿,1￿g statenients about the author and her IWID Slster as children.is supported by the passage? attempted to fo.rm very distinct identities. possessions, dctivilies, and friends. self one minute dnd her sister the next. were born thirteen minut.es dpart.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Source question 29. Refer to the source image.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Which of the following would the author most lilcely see as an example of whdt it means to ~prelend. oiher. wise" as the phrase is used in line 85? 'A sin(rer prei.endill(J to be nothing but a singer -IrL4P- Passage IV thal there are a¥Éuallv tllto proteins raiher than just one 55 that make up gpider silk. "In the two-protein hypot.he- sis: Viney s pop-bead model doesn'l make sense,, says Lewis. Bul oiher researchers are still not convinced of the exis16nce of two proteins. Ivhile the jury is Oul and the de.bate is lively, all Ihe investig2torg in spider silk 60 research encourage one another to keep theorizing. When you think about what it could mean in tems of suslainable fiber m2nufdCture, this re.4earch, tough as it is, is d6finitely worth it. NATURAL SCIENCE.. I his passage is dd&pled from the book Biomimicrji. Innovation Inspir6d by lQ8ture Janine Vi. aenyus 101097 by Janine Ivl. BEriyUS). It's a steanij 80 deorees Fahreii hell ifi Cliristopher Viney's lab: in defdrence to a cix-inch-lono ooldcn orb IITeaiier spidcr, u,ho is dinino on crickets ￿-hIle beino silked. A Éossarner thi'ead issues from her enormous 5 abdomen at a steady clip. wound by a motor onto a revoll'ing 8pindle. In this tession alone, she M?jll donaie dbout 100 feet of 'dracr]irJe, a specidlty silL desioned for rappelling from drop-offs and frAming the spokes and perimetei. of Iier web. Cornpai'ed ounce to ounce with steel, dragline silk is fiiie times slrongei.. and conipdred 10 Kci?lar ifound in bulletproof vests), it:.s much touoher-able to absorb five times the iinpact force without bi"eaking. Besides he.ing N'erv sti.ong and very louTrh, spider silk dlso man- 15 aLyes to be highly elastic, a hat trick" that is rare in any ,one niaterial.. If you suspend increasingly healy weiohts fi'om a sleel wire Kind a silk fiber of the qarne dianieter, Ilieir breakino point is aboui the qame. But if ale foi'ce ivind blows, tl)e straiid of silL (fil'e tirnes 20 li Qlilei in ￿leIghi) Ivill do sonieihin(y the steel Dever Lould it. will strelch 40 percent longer tlian its ori(vinal length a¥J.d boiince back uood as new. Up againsl our btretchiest iiylon, spider silk bunoees 30 PCTcetJt farther. Consider: The onl), t]iing I4Je have that con)es close 65 to silk in quality is polyaramid Kevlar, a fiber so tough it can stop bullets. But to make Kevlar, we pour p6tro- leum_dei'ive.d molecules into a pi-essurized irat of con- centrated sulfiiric 2cid and boil it at several 'hundred degrees Fahienheit in ordei to force it Tnto a liquid 70 crysial form. We then subject it to high,pressures to force the fibers into alignineAIt as we draw them out. The enerLTy iDPUt is extreme, thc toxic by-Èroducts odious. The spider manages to mdJ(¢ an equalIy strong and 75 mucli tougher fiber at body teniperature, ￿'ll1]0ut high pressures, heat, or corrosive acids, Best of 811, says liney qpiders don't havé lo drill offshore for oil to pro- di)ce ilie silk. They take flies aiid cricL-ets at one end and process a Iiish-iech inarerial at the other end. 80 If we could learn to do whal the spider doe8, we could 'take a soluble raw maierial that is infinitely renevic1ble and make a super-.4ti'ong water-insoluble fiber w'ith neglicTible energy inputs and no lQXiC Out- puts. Mle could ¢tpply th2t pi"ocessing stratetty 10 any 85 nuniber of fiber precursors. IIT)agiiie wbat it would do LO our fiber indiisiry, whFch is now heavily dependent on petroleum: both for raw rn8teri￿ and processing! To brc.ak thai dependency, s%ys Viney, we have to become spider's a?1 prentices. Another characleristic in spider silk's favor is that 25 it l)as lo gyet ipery, ITery cold before it becomes bntEle eiiough to bre¢ik eaiily. In the frigid iempciatureo ihat parachutes Liicounter, for instanLe, opider c jlL' ￿'OU]d niake idedl 1]￿htWeLghI lines. Oiher uses would be cable for %uspension bridoes, arti.ficial lÉoame.nts, and sutures. 30 But how i¥oiild we fit so muLh function into 8uch a small package? Spider silk begin£ as a pool of ra￿1 liquid protein slof hino <wound in a gland. Viney h)Fpothesizes that tne raw liquid silk. leaves tbe gland and travels throuuh a"

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Ilihich of the tollowino questjons is NOT answered by tlie p2%oa2e. -4. Ilyhy il the pop-bead model uniitrorL-able if ihere <re Iw'o proteins in <pider sillc? Ihe re8e&rch doi)e bs, Viney and LeKIRs and others I;Le Ihem? Some, like silL i'erearche.r Randy Lewis: don't aoree svith I'iiiey"s model. Le,wio recls he has evidenc4> 3? It is most reaoonable to infer that if the (tpprentices refeyed to in line 89 were succe.ssful, w,hich of the fDI- lowintr would OCCUT? .F. Viney would become a researcli apprentice to Lew'is. indu.8iry would decrease. superrnarkets. J, The research into spider silk would come to a halt in all but a few obqcure labs.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

Source question 32. Refer to the source image.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

. Which of the follollring best describes how tbe phrase 'laneless, lamiless traffic jam" (line 42.) func¥iDno in tlie passage? the untrained eye bet￿l¢ell scienLists about the pi'ocess of 8pider silk. manufacture Lhe silk not forme.d inlo rodlike asseznblies geslion of how Ifiney's office nib7ht ai)Pe¢￿ to an out¢ider

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

wh3.ch of tlie following Itatements best describe& Kci'lar (Ind.its signific41nce in relation to spider silk, according to the Pdssa¥Ye? r. SpiL]er silk- could rei)Jace KevlaT, the tOU8h niate- rial in biillEtp[oof iiests, bul the productioii process would !rield manv odiou,8 by-product's. G, Kevlar, the material that mal.es bulletproof ilests possible, has alj of the strength biit none of the f].exibility of spider silk. quality to spider silk, but its nianufaci.ure takes a heavy EOII on natural resources iIThat inspired ITji)ey to focus his research on the Structure and function of spider silk.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

thin duct just befoTe entering Ehe spillneret. As it squeezes throucTh the duct. water is ii'.rullg out of the protein and calcium is added. Tbe globules hook up in a pop-be.ad necklace, making tlie solution orje thou<and times lels iiiscous, because the rodlike assemblieR can 40 now slide past one anothei". It's analogous lo puttin(y lane% of tiaffic on a h](rh￿laY sliding past one another, versus the mess that is a laneless. lamiless trali Viney's rnod¢l has a pleasino simplicity and con]- pleteness: The 2lobular proteins line up into a pop-L)ead 45 neckl2ce, ￿:hICh 'queezes tb.roug.h Ihe spinneret lo becorne a Silk fiber. Tlie final prodllCI IS partiy rlexib;,e and partlv rigid, Iikc a re.inforced Slinky. Th: amoi- phou* part (Tives, but the stifl cryFiallAne doniair.s don't (rjipe. Mlhen tlie fiber beconies notched. a ci-aik or tear >0 oets interrLlPted by the crjistalline reoioDS and cail't propagate.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

T4e passage states that Vv'hich of the followino combi- nations of qualities rarely occurs in the same material? otrenoth

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

WTrat comp￿lE0￿ does the author make between spider silk and nylon? structure resembles th£it of r)ylon. stretchy nylon. nylon. most stretchy n}'lon.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

According io Viney's modeJ a.81 it is preqented in tbe, pass'age, Th'hat is ihe route that moleciiles travel on their w2y to beconung spider silk?

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

As il is used in line 78, the word talce mosi nearlv rnearis: steal. acquire. consume. choose.

Paper 72 · ACT December 2006 · Form 63D · Reading Test

According to Ihe passiicte, the fiber industry is heavily dependent on: silk. rodlike assemblies. takes. sep¢1rates. stitches. emerLTes. END OF TEST 3 STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. DO NOT RETURN TO A PREVIOUS TEST.