ACT Past Papers with Answers

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

All 4 hypotheses propose that the factors causing mor- phological ab￿orn￿litIes in frogs arc pres6nt in the: environment in which the frogs live. UV radiation pioduced by the Sun. Hypothesu 3 Certain pesticides contsin a class of compounds called retinoids. Frogs naturally .produce retinoids, but at high concentrations. retinoids cause mutations in frog eggs. Thcsc mutstions later r¢suIt in moTpbological abnornia]i- ties. Many of these mutstions affect genes that control hind limb developmenL Thus, the recent increase in moryholog- ical abnoullalitiés is probably due to an increase in retinoids from pesticides.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

Which 2 hypotheses propose that direct contact bctween tadpol¢s and another organisjn results ill mor- phological thnormaltties in frogs? Hypotheses l and 4 ACTffj1F 38 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

An artificial pond was created. The following were added to the pond: trcm&todes. Uv-induced teratogens, retilloids. frog .predators: tadpoles. and materials.nec- essary for tadpol¢"development. The frequency of mor-' phological abnorma]ities in frogs was very high. This fmdillg b"eBt supports which, if any, of thc 4 bypothe- ses, and why. ca] abnormalities are caused by par.asitssm by trcmatode5. cal abnornia]ities are the result of DNA mutations caused by teratogeris. '"H. Hypothesis 3, since it shows that morphologi- cal abnornialities are caused by the presence of retinoids. caused the morphological abDorn￿lItieB.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

Normal adult frogs were capture( tagged, and rel&￿ed into a pond. After 2 months the frogs wcrG recaptured and examined. Five pcrc¢nt of these frogs showed moTphological abnorllkalities, such as missing hind limbs. These results best support wbich hypothesis?

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

.SupporteTS of Hypothesis 4 would most Likely argue that the frequency of morpbological "abnorn￿litieS in frogs would be lowest in which of tbe following types of aquatic communities? birds . H.. Thos¢ with fish and w&ding birds, but witbout tur- . tles 'J. Those without fiÈty turtles, and wadillg bitds

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

A biologist has argusd" that some of the factors cited in both Hypoth¢sis l and Hypothesis 2 are combining to cause the ijcreage in the mDTphological abnonnthties in frogs. Ivbich of the followithg r￿dingS about tr6m&-' todes. if trne, would best support thi& view? ligbL tiolls. trcmatode parasitisllL ACT-61F 39 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage 11 A hologram is a three-dimensional. image produced whcn.light from a laser shines on a film coated with a matsrial called a holographic emulsion. The laser provides the light at a specific wavelength. The figure below shows the light energy per unit area (in eigslcrn. ) requitcd to create a bologram on 3 different eiiiulsions using gas lasers. For example. an Ar laser must produc¢ 100 Crg￿CM .to creatc a hologram on Emulsion 2. ' The figure also sbows how the sensitivity to light of each emulsion and the light energy per unit area required to create a hologram on each ernulsion Yary with tbe wave- length of light used. Key He =. Helium I I I Ar = Argon Ne = Neon Emulsion I Emulgion 2 Emulsion 3 .<-Emulsion I ' 10 Ernulsion 2 energy . ICKI per unit area Emulsion 3 Tow

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

. Based oll the figure, as wavelength increases frollL 550 to 650 ￿ th¢ sensitivity of Bmulsion I: rcmains constanL Yaries, but with no.general trend.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

Based OD the figurc, wbicb of the following lasers pro- duces a.bcam of ]ight closeBt in color to red? Hc-cd

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

B&8ed on the figure, which of tbe emulsions islarc kior sensitive to light at 500'Dm"than to light at 425 nm? Emulsions. l and 3 only

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

A ncw laser produces most of its light. at 57.5 nm. According to the flgure. .to. produce a holograrn on Bthulsion I, how much light energy per urllt area will the rLew laset.bave to p,roduce?

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

A Kryptou B laser will require l¢ss ¢hth l.(KK> ergsl¢Jll . to record a bologtam on which emulsion(s)? Emulsions l and 3 only GO ON TO THE NEKf PAGE. ACT41F 41 40000000004 Passage111 Eweriment 3

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

D

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

H

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

A

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

6 .13. A student clain]ed that liquids with bigher molecular masses boil at higher temperats￿es thap liquids with lower Moleci￿ar Masses. l)0 the results of Experiment 2 and tbe information in the tabk below sup.port his claith? Liqui"d MoleculaT mass (g/mole) Water 18 Ethanol 46 D'iethyl ether 74 hind the highest boilillg poinL and th¢ lowest boiling point. lowest boiling poittt. . lowest boiling point. .14. Based on the results of Experiment I, diethyl cther will have a vapor PTessiire of 100 mm Hg. when it is at a tempcIature: . G. between 50°C and lOO°C. betweets O°C and 50°C. diethyl etbanol 4(K) 20 80 ioj 120 temperakn (°C) Figure I Figure adapt8d from. H8nry F. Holtzclaw. ￿lliaM R. Robinson. and -Williarn H. Nebergall, College Chemisty Wlth Qualitatlve Ar￿lySIS, 7th ed. Q1984 by D. C. Heath and Cc)mpany. Experirnent 2 A beakcr containing 100 n)L of water was heated at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg). After the water had boiled for I min, the temperature was recorded The proce- dure was repeated using ethanol and diethyl ether (see Table l). IS.. Is the statement "If the amount of a nonvolatile 'sub- stance dissolved in a liquid is increased, the vapor pressure will incIease" SllPPOrted by th¢ results of Experiment 3 ? No; as the amount of substance dissolved was. increased in all 3 liquids, the Vap￿ pressure for all 3 ￿q￿dS stayed th¢" same. inCTeased ID all 3 liquids, the vapor pressure for 2 of the 3 liquids increased. No; as the ￿￿O￿llt of sllbstaJJce dissolved was incre&4ed ill all 3 liquids, the Yapor pressuTe for all 3 liquids decrease(L incrcased in all 3 liquid&, the vapor piessure for all 3 liquids increase Table I Boiling point (oc) i(K).o" Liquid Water Ethanol Diethyl ether Acf-61F 42 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

2

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

According to the.rcs￿ts of Experiments l and 2. which of the following table& best shows ths vapor PEessiires of the boiling liquids in ExFIimeDt 2 ? lTrJ

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

D

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

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Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

Given tbat the 5 cores contained undisturbed sedimenL. according to Study 2, which of the following volca-. .noes erupted most recently? 58 74 Si02 (%) 58 Si02 (%) 74

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

According to Study I, as thc content o! Zr in ash sam- ples from Volcanoc& A. B. and C incr&￿e&, the CL)Dtent . ofy: increases. thell decreases. increases. . 24. AccordiDg to Study I, what chemical oomponenr wa8 found in thc largest relative amount in the ash samples from Volcano A ? AGf.61F 45 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage V Nutiients in seawater are renioved. by phytoplankton and other rn￿lne orgauisms. Figure I shows the concelltra- tions of 3 nutr1entS-￿tr2te (NO3?, dissolved inorganic pbosphorus (DIP). and silicic acid (H Sio")-at vatious depths in the Atlantic, Pacific. and Indian Oceans. Table I sbowF the aveTage concentrations and the esti]nated resi- dence tcmes (how long. an ion or molecule of a nutrient remains tn the otean) for the 3 nutrients ill deep (> 3 km) Atlantic and Pacific waters. Figure 2 shows how thé NO - concentration in Pacific surface waters (< 0.3 krn. depth) V￿leS with latitude. Table I Average concentration in deep (> 3 km) ocean water (wnoVL) Atlantic. Pacific Estimated residencc time in ocean watsr (years) 20,000 Nutriellt NO,- DIP H,SiO 20 35 25 170 avrye NO - concentratson (wnobL) 10 20 30 avernge DIP concétitration (wnobE).

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

If ash sa￿pIeS from. volcanoes fed by a previously "undiscovered magma source in the study area were . analyzed, aDd their Si02 and K O contents w.er¢ also ' plotted on Figur¢ 2, which of thc following. figts'res would most likely result? . (Noté:.The new agti sample contents are represellted by. the following symbol: .+ ) 58 Si02 (%) 74 2(1. According to S￿dY 2. during the time it took to depogit the 5.5 m of sediment in the study area. the sJJJallest aniount of volcanic agh settled to the o¢Gan floor at tbe site of: Core 3. 58 Si(1 (%) 74

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

H

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

According. to Figure l. which of the following. best describes thc Telationship between average H Sio ' concentration and depth in the Indian Ocean? As depth in ths Indian Qcean increases from 0.5 km to 2.0 km, the average H Si04 Concentration: increases only. increases,. thell decreases. . remains the sam'e.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

A scientist hypothesizes that the bighest aver&ge NO - concentration in Pacific surface water& would be found at the equator (0"° latitude). Is this hypothesis sup- ported by tbe data in Figure 2 7 is bigher than that at any other givcn latitude. is lower than that at any other given latitude. No- the higbest average NO - concentration is foulld a few degtees south of the cquator. found a few degrees north of the equator.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

According to Table l. an ion of NO3 "would remain in the ocean, on average. approximately bow nuny times longer tILan a molecule of E4SiO ?. . D. 3.5 times

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

A￿Iding to Figure I, the average DIP concentration .18 the same at"whicb of the following depths in the Indian alld the Pacific Oc=ans?

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

Svbich of 'the following correctly ranks 'thc concentra- tionK of the 3 nutrients in the Indian O¢eaii at a depth ' of 3 km from largest to smallest? CT-61F 47 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 40000000004 Passage Vl The ioral mechanical energy (TME) Df an object is defincd as the sum of its Potential energy (energy of p051- on,"; abbrèviated PE) and its kinetic enersy (energy of Motio￿ abbreviated KE). The object's PB = mgh. where m is its mass. h is its height above an arbitrary reference poin¢ aod g is the acceleration due'to'gravity (9.8 mls¢c :)'. The object's KE = mv 12, where v is its velocity. When the object's. motion chatiges but the sum KE + PB does not chang4 the TME is said to bc conserve Exp£rimeni 2 The students P￿ornI2d an experiment air at atmo- spheric pressure using the cart from ExpeIiment l and the track shown in Figure 2; this track was NOT frictionless. . A gTOUP of students performed 2 experiments to investigate the consèrvation'of TME. z u v z front view side vicw Figure 2 On this tracK Position8.W and Y wete at the same altitude; the altiti￿, at Positions U, V," and Z was zero. The cart was launchcd at Position U with a given KE," aftcr which the students did Dot Interfe￿ with tbe.cart's motion. The cart had to have enough KE between PositiotL8 W and Y to pre- vellt the cart frDrn fallmg away from the.track. (Note: The results of Bxperiment 2 are not provided: some of the questions will ask you to decide what thos¢ results ost likely wer¢.)" Experiinent I Starting from rest at Point P (see Figure l). a F kg tc>y cart was released And allowed to move along a frictionless track in an airless vacuum ¢hamb2r. Figure I. ht Yan'ou5 points.along the track. tbe students determined .both the cart'8 KE and PE in joules. J (see Table l ). Table I Height (m) ..PE (D Position

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

In Experiment 2, suppose the students wanted to directly detenninc the difference, rf any, in th& cart's TME at Positions U and Z. Which of the following measurements should they have made? "The speed of the cart at Position X GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 40000000004

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

, The purpose for GonductiDg Bxperiment I. in a vacuum was to: increase the cart's potenti￿ cnérgy at a givcn posi-" tion. . position.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

Suppose. in Experiment "I, instead of Bimply rel&2sirig ' the,cart from Position P, the students had given the cart a push down the tracL At Position T. compared to th. cart's KE and TMÉ when the cart was simply rcleased, the cart's KE and TME when the cart was pushed would haye been: smaller greater greatcr greater smaller smaller Position Position

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

In Expetiment 2, as the cart's speed decreased. air resistance decreased. At wbich of the following posi- tions was air resistance most likely lowest ? Position ACT4F 49 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE: 40000000004 Passa9e Vll .A li￿t￿la7'S thern￿l conductivity is a measure of its ability to transport energy from onc location to another. Tables l and 2 below list the thermal conductivities unit of energy) of various gases at different temperatures (ill °C)- Table 3 below lists th& masses, in atO]lliC mass .units (amu). of the atoms'nllking up the molecules of the gases.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

Thc results of Experiment I support tbe conclusi.on that as the cart's KE increased, its PE: F: always increase(L . G. always decreased. sometimes increaseAI, and sometill￿S de£reased. . remained constant.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

In Experiment 2,.the KE of the cart at Positsons U, W, alld X-would best be represented by which. of the fol- lowing bat graphs? Position

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

One of the gases listed ill the tables has a thernial"coa- ductivity of 182 at 30°C. What is the ideu- tity of the gas? se£•CIn.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

Suppose that identical warni objects. each at 50°C. are llnmersed in 4ual volumes of each of.the g&ses listed in Table l. Assuming that the gases ars initially at 20°C and the same pressure, which of the g￿S will , conduct the greatest amount of heat away fronl the object immersed in it in a given amount of titne? Table I sec.¢m.°C Gas 40°C 80°C loo°c CH4 334 204 171 154 361 387 416 EEB 445 316 262 233 257 215 193 288 238 213 ' 38. Consider the gases carbon dioxide (CO. ) and carbon monoxide (CO). Based on Table I, at a given teD]per&~ ti￿e, which Df these gases Trvi]I bave the higher thernial conductivity, alld why.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

F

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

Collsider only the data for C4Hio and CH Cl. Thesc data are inconsistent with. which of the followi'ng bypotheses about thermal conductivity7 ForCH 4 10> as the temperature increases, the ther- ma] Conductivity iDcreascs. I conductivity increases. incre&ges. the thermal Conductivity increases only. increases, the .thernial conductivity decreases only.

Paper 80 · ACT April 2004 · Form 61F · Science Test

A particular gas, CH3X, has a thennal CODductivity of 177 .at IOO°C. Ba9ed on the data ill Tables 2 and 3. the mass of Xis:. CsE4' 192 174 Table 2 sec.cm.T at: 800 40°C . loo°c CH,CI 117 82 60 130 94 68 142 104 75 155 117 82 CH,I Table 3. Atornic mass (amll) tom of BL. 12 "35 80 127 ci. END OF TEST 4 STOP! D.0 NOT RETURN TO ANY OTHER TEST. ACT41F 50. Acr Writing Test Prompt At some high schools, teachers have considered allowing each student to choose the books he or. she will read for English class rather than requiring all students in class to read the same. books. Some teachers 11 support such a policy because they think students will greatly improve their reading skills if they read books they find interesting. Other" teachers do not support such a policy because they think that students will learn more by participating in class discussion with others who have read thé. same books. In your,.opinion, should each individual sthdent be allowed to choose the books he or she reads for English class? In your essay, take a position on this question. You may write about either one of 11 the two points of view given, or you may present a different point of view o-n this question. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. Note Your test booklet will have blank space for'you to plan your essay. For this practi￿ test, use scratch paper. You may-wish to remove pages 33-36 to respond to this prompt. When you have completed your essay, read p.ages 22 and 25-29 for infomation and instructions on scoring your practice Writing Test. AGf.13fyPRAGllGE 24 Forni 0961F (2￿9) Parking Feud Math Science l) B