SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Chapter 102

2023.12 : A (analysis included)

READING 2 · 27 questions

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Though not closely related,the hedgehog tenrecs of Madagascar share
basic_____true hedgehogs,including protective spines,pointed
snouts,and small body size-traits the two groups of mammals
independently developed in response to equivalent roles in their
respective habitats.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

Aexamples ofBconcerns aboutCindications ofDsimilarities with

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Sarah Marquis,who walked 16,000 kilometers across Asia,Siberia,and
Australia,undoubtedly accomplished much,but her place in our historical
memory is perhaps more `____` than that of a noteworthy "first"such
as Anesia Pinheiro Machado,who was the first female pilot in Brazil to
carry passengers and the first to make stunt flights,a deed for which
she will always be remembered.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

AenduringBuncertainCconspicuousDdeserving

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

When considering which play s and musicals to produce,theaters in
Miami often favor keeping audiences happy over taking risks.So while
they might be eager to produce an established classic like Crazy for
You,for example,most would be______to stage a work from a
relatively unknown playwright.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

AsurprisedBdeterminedCfortunateDhesitant

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Some robots such as Surena (developed in 2008)and COMAN(developed in
2012)are designed to resemble humans so that people will find it easier
to interact with them.To that end,certain features such as the ability
to respond to voice commands can help to_people's feelings of
comfort,but a robot that looks too human can fall into the "uncanny
valley"meaning that its appearance unintentionally unsettles those who
encounter it.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

AconstrictBrepudiateCbuttressDmitigate

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

While recent scholarship has undermined claims that the works of
twelfth-century Islamic philosopher Ibn Rushd were______other
Muslim philosophers of his time,it is indisputable that his location in
the Muslim-ruled area of what is now Spain meant that his works were
primarily available thousands of miles west of the era's center of
Islamic thought.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

Acontroversial amongBantagonistic towardCimitated byDinconsequential to

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Community science,which involves professional scientists collaborating
with amateur science enthusiasts to study a topic,is often an effective
and engaging way to conduct research.It can allow people to assist with
conservation efforts,spark youth interest in science,and increase the
amount of data researchers can collect.This approach was essential to
the success of a study by biologist Abbigail Merrill and colleagues of
how butterfly color re lates to flower choice,which included findings
from hundreds of students and community members in northwestern
Arkansas,

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

AIt introduces the topic of a scientific study,describes the study's
importance,and then presents the study's results.BIt identifies a particular approach to research,lists some benefits of
that approach,and then mentions a study in which that approach was used.CIt argues for a new approach to scientific research,comments on the
public's opinion about the approach,and then describes how that
approach was applied in a certain study.DIt describes the development of a type of scientific
collaboration,shows how that type of collaboration has been used in a
particular field of study,and then suggests future collaborative
projects.

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Text 1

In separate studies,Lingbo Meng and colleagues and Xinhua He and
colleagues examined whether plants transfer nutrients to one another
using a common mycorrhizal network (CMN)---a lattice of fungal strands
in the soil.Meng and colleagues excluded all pathways other than the CMN
by using barriers to keep the plants'root systems separate while
allowing mycorrhizal strands through---a crucial step He and
colleagues' study did not take.

Text 2

Meng and colleagues took the necessary precaution of separating the
plants' root systems (thereby excluding root-to-root
transmission).However,any barrier used must allow the thread-like hyphae
of a CMN to pass through,and this permeability would also allow liquids
through.Thus,the researchers' experimental design cannot ensure that
any nutrient transfer observed can be attributed to a CMN and not to
some other pathway.

Based on the texts,the author of Text 1 and the author of Text 2 would
most likely give the same answer to which question?

ADid He and colleagues' study effectively exclude any nutrient pathway
other than a CMN?BAre the barriers used in Meng and colleagues' study sufficient to
ensure that nutrient transfer could only occur via a CMN?CIs there an available harrier material that can block roots and
liquids while allowing fungal strands through?DDo plants that transfer nutrients through a root-to-root pathway also
transmit nutrients via a CMN?

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Researchers Cesar A .Hidalgo,Elisa Castaner;and Andres Sevtsuk created
a computer model to predict the mix of businesses and places of interest
found in a given neighborhood.The team used data from the Google Places
API service to help identify movie theaters,gyms,and other businesses
and map their locations.This approach has some limits---data from Places
API tend to be restricted to places that are customer facing---but the
data set nonetheless provides an extremely reliable source to study
colocation patterns of neighborhood amenities.

According to the text,what is one potential drawback of Hidalgo and
colleagues' method?

AIt may lead to conclusions that are not reflective of all the
amenities in a given neighborhood.BIt is likely to contribute to inaccurate identifications of the
boundaries of specific neighborhoods.CIt is based on recent advancements from other

fields that have yet to be applied outside of

those contexts.DIt depends upon data that are likely to be outdated.

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Vadamalai Elangovan and Ganapathi Marimuthu showed that high moonlight
intensity inhibits the activity of the greater short-nosed fruit
bat(Cynopterus sphinx),a finding explicable in terms of benefits and
costs:greater lunar intensity may not enable the bats to increase
foraging success enough to offset the higher chance of detection by
predatory owls or hawks.Though many other nocturnal mammals respond to
lunar intensity variations similarly to greater short-nosed fruit
bats,mongoose lemurs (Eulemur mongoz)display the opposite pattern,as
their heavy reliance on visual foraging results in a different balance
of reward and risk..According to the text,what did Elangovan and
Marimuthu find and why does that occur?

AGreater short-nosed fruit bats tend to be more active during periods
of high lunar intensity than at other times because such conditions
allow them to increase their foraging successwithout making them easier
to detect.BGreater short-nosed fruit bats reduce their activity during periods of
high lunar intensity because predators can more easily spot the bats in
brighter conditions.and such conditions do not benefit the bats enough
to justify that risk,CDuring periods of high lunar intensity.greater short-nosed fruit bats
reduce their activity because it is easier for predators to detect the
bats in relatively bright conditions than it is for predators to detect
mongoose lemurs in such conditions.DDuring periods of high lunar intensity,mongoose lemurs show a
different behavioral response than greater short-nosed fruit bats and
many other nocturnal mammals do because the risks to mongoose lemurs
under such conditions are greater.

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

A number of artists associated with hyperpop,a movement in
electronic music that emerged in the2010s,aggressively manipulate their
recorded voice.The duo 100 gecs,for example,shifts the pitch of lead
singer Laura Les's vocals to be much higher than that of her natural
range.And even the hyperpop artists who don't rely on
pitch-shifting,such as Shygirl,often distort their vocals using digital
tools.Rather than being an arbitrary stylistic choice,hyperpop's
persistent modification of the voice functions as a commentary on how
digital technology mediates human experience today.

Based on the text,the author would be most likely to disagree with which
statement about vocal manipulation in hyperpop?

AIt is an aesthetic feature that has little or no social import.BIt confirms hyperpop's ability to offset certain negative effects of
digital technology.CIt is a symbol of the influence that hyperpop exerts on listeners'
sense of self.DIt represents changes to human experience brought about by
technology.

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

"The Yellow Wallpaper"is an 1892 short story by Charlotte Perkins
Gilman.In the story,the narrator expresses mixed feelings about her
surroundings:__

Which quotation from"The Yellow Wallpaper"most effectively illustrates
the claim?

A"This wallpaper has a kind of sub-pattern in a different shade,a
particularly irritating one,for you can only see it in certain
lights,and not clearly then."B"By moonlight-the moon shines in all night when there is a moon---I
wouldn't know it was the same paper."C"Tm really getting quite fond of the big room,all but that horrid
[wall]paper."D"The color is repellant,almost revolting;a smouldering,unclean
yellow,strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight."

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

It may seem that the optimal strategy for an animal pursuing prey or
escaping predators is to move at maximal speed,but the energy expense of
exploiting full speed capacity can disfavor such a strategy even in
escape contexts,as evidenced by the fact that ___

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the
text?

Amost lizard species use about the same percentage of their maximal
speed when escaping predation as they do when pursuing prey.Bmultiple lizard species move at an average of less than 90% of their
maximal speed while escaping predation.Cmore lizard species use,on average,90%-100%of their maximal speed
while escaping predation than use any other percentage of their maximal
speed.Dat least 4 lizard species use,on average,less than 100% of their
maximal speed while pursuing prey.

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

The small white heron and the little blue heron are long legged birds
that live in wetlands.like the Everglades in Florida.Laura D'Acunto and
colleagues wanted to know how these birds choose an area in which to
live.They looked at features of these birds'"habitats,such as how
quickly water drains from the area and the amount of tree-canopy cover
there is in the area.They found that small white herons prefer areas
with extensive canopy cover,but this was not true for little blue
herons.The researchers therefore concluded that wetland-management
strategies that increase the amount of tree canopy in potential wetland
bird habitats are less likely to__

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Aattract little blue herons to the area than they are to attract small
white herons to the area.Bextend the average lifespan of small white herons already in the area
than they are to attract a greater number of those birds to the area.Cdecrease the area's appeal to both small white herons and little blue
herons than they are to increase the appeal to other species.Dattract birds that don't typically live in wetlands to the area than
they are to attract small white herons or little blue herons to the
area.

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Biologists Rebecca M .Calisi-Rodriguez and George

E ,Bentley examined research on white-throated sparrows and unstriped
Nile rats,both of which have been studied in the laboratory as well as
in the wild,to see how studies' settings might have affected their
results.Lab studies are useful because they makeit easy to control
important variables,but white- throated sparrows' surroundings can
significantly affect their hormone levels.Therefore,it's not altogether
surprising that when Calisi-Rodriguez and Bentley examined studies of
white-throated sparrows,they found that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Ahormone levels were higher in wild males than in captive male
unstriped Nile rats.Bbaseline levels of the hormone corticosterone are higher in captive
sparrows than they are in wild sparrows.Ccaptive sparrows and wild sparrows usually exhibited very similar
hormone levels.Dsignificant differences in hormone levels between individuals were
found for both captive sparrows and wild sparrows.

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Woven from recycled yarn and hand tufted using a carpet weaving
technique passed down by the artist's Turkish grandmother;_____so
lush and tactilely inviting that you are tempted to reach out and touch
them.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

Athe topological tapestries of Argentine textile artist Alexandra
Kehayoglou areBthe Argentine textile artist Alexandra Kehayoglou creates topological
tapestries that areCwhen she creates her topological tapestries,Argentine textile artist
Alexandra Kehayoglou makes themDAlexandra Kehayoglou is an Argentine textile artist whose topological
tapestries are

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

The editors of Home Ground:A Guide to the American Landscape turned
to the______to craft the entry about"muskeg,"a term referring to
terrain containing peat bogs and stunted trees.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

Aessayist,Carolyn ServidBessayist,Carolyn Servid,Cessayist Carolyn Servid,Dessayist Carolyn Servid

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Featured in The New Woman Behind the Camera(2021)is a photograph taken in 1932 by Alma "Self-Portrait,"Lavenson's
image contributes to the exhibition's goal of showcasing the
diverse,innovative,often aesthetically daring work of female photographers from the 1920s through the 1950s.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

ALavenson.TitledBLavenson titledCLavenson,titledDLavenson and titled

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

In her 1983 book The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human
Feeling, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild first explored at length
her conception of a "sociology of emotions"---the idea that the
various cultural and ideological frameworks a person has internalized
(class, gender, political affiliation, etc.)______each emotional
reaction that person has within a situation.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

AunderliesBis underlyingCunderlieDhas been underlying

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Photographer Maria Svarbova has reached audiences well beyond her
home country of Slovakia.In 2021,her work was featured at Galerie
LeRoyer in the exhibited photographs,with their vivid pastel
colors,overexposed tones,and mirrorlike symmetry,captivated audiences.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

ACanada,for example,BCanada,for exampleCCanada;for example,DCanada,for example;

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

In 2003,a study led by the researcher Alison G .Boyer investigated
the relationship between grassland arthropod populations and
agricultural macronutrients like nitrogen,phosphorus,and potasstum,such
fertilizers boost the productivity of crops,potentially offering more
nutrients for arthropods.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

Afertilizers,which containBfertilizers,containingCfertilizers containingDfertilizers.Containing

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

The world's first airplane,the 1903 Wright Flyer,was not very
aerodynamic,as evidenced by its low lift-to-drag ratio of just3:1.The Northrop F-5 jet,like mos tmodern aircraft,is far more
aerodynamic._____its lift-to-drag ratio is more than twice that
of the WrightFlyer

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

ASpecifically,BIn conclusion,CHowever,DNevertheless,

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

With many elements,like osmium,scientists were able to isolate a
relatively pure sample of the substance shortly after discovering its
existence._______this wasn't the case with all elements.The
process of isolating magnesium,for example,took years-53,to be precise.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AIn other words,BFor this reason,CGranted,DLikewise,

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Modernista architects championed nature in their designs.____the
dramatic archways and bird-themed mosaics of Casa Lleo i Morera,a
Modernista private home designed by Lluis Domenech i Montaner,couldn't
exactly grow in a forest.Still,one sees natural influences in Domenech i
Montaner's penchant for curves (rather than right angles)and plant-and
animal-inspired flourishes.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AOf course,BThus,CFurthermore,DSimilarly,

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Before the first railroads were built in Australia,engineers warned
against using multiple track widths across the
continent._____regional officials couldn't agree on a single-width
system.Thus,rallways in Victoria,like the Victorian Goldfields
Railway,were made using wide tracks,while those in New South Wales were
built with narrow tracks.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AIn other words,BSimilarly,CFor this reason,DNevertheless,

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

Legislators in Ethiopia are elected via a first-past-the-post
electoral system.In this winner-take-all voting system,the seat is
awarded to the candidate who receives not a majority but a plurality
(i.e.,greatest number)of votes.______if several popular candidates
are vying for the same seat,it is possible for a candidate to win an
election despite receiving lessthan 50%of the votes.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AHoweverBMoreover,CAccordinglyDSimilarly

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

While researching a topic,a student has taken the following notes

·Huazalingo is a municipality in the state of Hidalgo,Mexica.

·Municipalities are governmental regionsres ponsible for providing many
public services to their residents.

·One service they provide is traffic control

·Huazalingo's population was 12,766 in 2020

·Its population was 12,779 in 2010.Hidalgo is divided into 84
municipalities.

The student wants to emphasize the 2020 population of Huazalingo.Which
choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?

AAs a municipality in Hidalgo,Huazalingo is responsible for providing
public services to itspopulationBAs of 2020,Huazalingo was one of 84municipalities in Hidalgo,Mexico.CIn 2020,the municipality of Huazalingo had a population of 12.766
DHome to 12,779 people,the governmental region was responsible for
providing traffic control to its population in 2010

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Chapter 102 · 2023.12 : A (analysis included) · READING 2

·Vexillology is the study of flags.

·The flags of many countries include symbols like animals,plants,or land
forms.

These symbols often represent an aspect of the region's
history,culture,or landscape.

·The flag of Slovakia includes the Tatra,Matra,and Fatra mountains.

·The flag of Kiribati includes a frigatebird.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences
to make and support a generalization about symbols on flags?

AVexilology is the study of fags accordingly.vexillologists are
interested in flags from around the world.BSlovakia's flag includes the Tatra,Matra,and Fatra mountains,a symbol
that is important to that country's national identity.CMany countries feature symbols on their fags,

and the study of these designs is known as

vexilology.DThe flags of some countries include symbols

of landforms;Slovakia's,for example,includes

the Tatra,Matra,and Fatra mountains.

READING 2 · 27 questions

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