SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Urban planning expert Francisco Lara-Valencia and colleagues have argued that managing environmental matters along the US-Mexico border ______ coordination between the two countries' governments. Since ecosystems extend across the border, actions taken on one side can have environmental effects on the other side, making international cooperation essential.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Some robots such as Salvius (developed in 2008) and REEM-C (developed in 2013) are designed to resemble humans so that people will find it easier to interact with them. To this end, certain features such as bipedal locomotion can help to create the comforting semblance of humanity, but a robot that appears too similar to humans can make people feel more unsettled than ______.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Though most hoaxes perpetrated as jokes by mischievous users of Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia that almost anyone can freely edit, have quickly been detected and removed, a few fictitious entries, such as those for the country singer-songwriter Joseph G. Williams and the Jamaican bird allegedly known as the Salvadorian Magpie, persisted on the site for many years before they were finally recognized as ______ and deleted

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In 2013 Fredrik Jutfelt and Maria Hedgärde published a study concluding that ocean acidification has a strong effect on the behavior of Gadus morhua, a species of fish.However, Jutfelt and Hedgärde's study relied on a mean sample size of only about 16 fish.In a 2022 review of various scientists' conclusions about the impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior, Josefin Sundin and colleagues caution that relying on such a relatively small sample size can increase the potential for biased analysis. Such analysis, in turn, can contribute to reports of exaggerated effects.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Text 1
Death Cab for Cutie's 2003 song "Lightness" includes a specific musical pattern. That pattern consists of two alternating notes sung over and over with "wa" and "oh" sounds, resulting in a sequence of "Wa-oh-wa-oh." This pattern showed up in so many pop songs in the 2000s and 2010s that eventually it earned a nickname, "the millennial whoop." Unfortunately, the whoop showed up so frequently that it could be more irritating than enjovable.
Text 2

The millennial whoop could be annoying. Not every pop song needs "Wa-oh-wa-ohs!" and it seemed as though nearly every pop song released between 2000 and 2017 had them. But the whoop could also be genuinely fun or even moving. Too many songwriters used it in too many pop songs for a time, but that doesn't mean the whoop was never used well.

Which choice best describes the relationship between the perspectives provided in Text 1 and Text 2?

When people think of dinosaurs with feathers, they typically think of winged dinosaurs, such as the four winged Microraptor. However, many dinosaurs that didn't have wings also had feathers on their bodies. For instance, research indicates that the wingless, long-tailed Sinosauroptery likely had feathers.

According to the text, what did Microraptor and Sinosauroptery have in common?

Women like Juanita Moody made important early
contributions to the history of US cryptology, a field
concerned with secure data communication and storage.
Moody worked as a cryptanalyst for the National Security
Agency and was the first recipient of the National
Intelligence Medal of Achievement. In this way, Moody
and others like her helped make it possible for more
women---such as Maureen Baginski, who currently works
in intelligence and supports the FBI---to enter the field of
cryptology.
According to the text, what is one similarity between
Moody and Baginski?

The Federalist Papers are a collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison and published pseudonymously in the New York Packet and other New York newspapers in 1787-88. Though the authorship of most of the essays is certain, that of some is obscure: for instance, while No. 15, "The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union," was surely penned by Hamilton, No. 62, "The Senate," may have been written by either Hamilton or Madison. The difficulty of determining No. 62's author arises not from a lack of evidence but from too much

contradictory evidence. 

Based on the text, which choice best explains why it is challenging to confidently assign authorship of the essay "The Senate"?

In 2021, four of the United States national parks that
were among the most visited were Grand Canyon
National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park,
Yellowstone National Park, and Zion National Park. The
graph shows the number of visits for recreation to each of
these parks during the three-month period with the
highest number of visitors. A student notes that among
the parks shown in the graph, the park with the highest
monthly recreation visits in all three months was `__`
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph
to complete the text?

Male túngara frogs make complex calls to attract
mates, but their calls also attract frog-biting midges,
insects that feed on the frogs' blood. Researchers
Ximena Bernal and Priyanka de Silva wondered if the
calls alone are sufficient for midges to locate the frogs or
if midges use carbon dioxide emitted by frogs as an
additional cue to their prey's whereabouts, like
mosquitoes do. In an experiment, the researchers placed
two midge traps in a tungara frog breeding area. One
trap played recordings of túngara frog calls and the other
released carbon dioxide along with playing the calls.
Bernal and de Silva concluded that carbon dioxide does
not serve as an additional cue to frog-biting midges.
Which finding from the experiment, if true, would most
directly support Bernal and de Silva's conclusion?

The Younger Dryas was a period of extreme cooling
from 11,700 to 12,900 years ago in the Northern
Hemisphere. Some scientists argue that a comet
fragment hitting Earth brought about the cooling. Others
disagree, partly because there is no known crater from
such an impact that dates to the beginning of the period.
In 2015, a team led by Kurt Kjar detected a 19-mile-wide
crater beneath a glacier in Greenland. The scientists who
believe an impact caused the Younger Dryas claim that
this discovery supports their view. However, Kjar's team
hasn't yet been able to determine the age of the crater.
Therefore, the team suggests that ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?

The small white heron and the small dark heron are long-legged birds that live in wetlands, like the Everglades in Florida. Laura D'Acunto and colleagues wanted to know how these birds choose an area in which to live. They looked at features of the birds' habitats, such as the geographic location of the area and how deep the water is during the birds' breeding season. They found that small white herons prefer areas with deep water during breeding season, but that was not true for small dark herons. The researchers concluded that water management strategies that increase the depth of water in potential wetland bird habitats during breeding season are therefore more likely to_______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

On Guadalupe Peak, which ______ an elevation of
8,751 feet, one can find the highest point in Texas.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?

The Ubangi River, which is 1,405 miles long, ______
into the Congo River.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?

At the Actors Pulse in Sydney, Australia, students
can sign up ______the world-famous Meisner acting
technique. Created by acting teacher Sanford Meisner,
this technique trains actors to react naturally to the other
performers in a scene.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?

Lê Luong Minh became the thirteenth secretary
general of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) in January 2013, making ______the first time
the organization would appoint a Vietnamese leader.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?

On February 1, 2018, Florida-based researchers Martha A， Scholl, Maoya Bassiouni, and Angel J， Torres Sánchez            climate data from several sites in Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. At 8:30 am, the air temperature was 16°C at site CC1, the site with the highest elevation, and it had shifted to 16.8°C by 11:00 pm.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

After ten days and twenty-two hours, space shuttle
flight STS-66 landed ______ Edwards Air Force Base.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?

At 1,723 years old, KET 3996, a limber pine (Pinus flexilis) located in the United States, is one of the oldest known trees in the world. With almost two millennia of climate data in its tree rings, a single tree like______claims dendrochronologist Valerie Trouet, can

tell the history of the world.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In this chapter, we will focus on Sonia Sanchez's
poem "This Is Not a Small Voice," paying special
attention to its first lines: "This is not a small voice / you
hear this is a large / voice coming out of these cities." We
______ our attention next to the works of Jay Wright and
bell hooks, two other poets associated with the Black Arts
movement.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?

Textile artist Amber Joy Greenidge-Sabral wanted to
avoid using harsh synthetic dyes that could be damaging
to the environment. ______she began experimenting with
more environmentally friendly natural dye methods, using
organic materials like sassafras and indigofera for their
natural orange and blue colors.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
transition?

The architects of Spain's Modernista movement took inspiration from the natural world when adding finishing touches to their buildings .______they favored plant- and animal-inspired design flourishes, like the ornate floral tilework of Hospital de Sant Pau, a hospital by architect Lluís Domenech i Montaner.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Ursula K. Le Guin's Planet of Exile, a novel about a
colony of humans stranded on a harsh planet, is
classified as science fiction.______the novel A Wizard of
Earthsea, which is about a hero's attempt to atone for his
past actions, is classified as fantasy.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:
• Meteorites found on Earth are divided into two
categories.
• A meteorite that was observed falling to Earth
before being recovered is known as a meteorite
fall.
• All other meteorites found on Earth are known as
meteorite finds.
• There have been about 1,200 recorded meteorite
falls.
• There have been over 60,000 recorded meteorite
finds.
The student wants to contrast the number of meteorite
falls with the number of meteorite finds. Which choice
most effectively uses relevant information from the notes
to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:
• Chromosomes are cellular structures that contain
genes.
• Genes carry critical instructions for determining an
organism's physical traits.
• Members of the same species typically have the
same number of chromosomes.
• As a species, the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops
hodgsoni) has sixty chromosomes.
• As a species, the Sterkiella histriomuscorum, a
simple, single-celled protozoan, has over 15,000
chromosomes.
The student wants to emphasize a difference between
Pantholops hodgsoni and Sterkiella histriomuscorum.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Clovis First hypothesis proposes that ancient humans known as Clovis were the first to populate North America.

• The Clovis arrived around 13,000 years ago.

• Stone tools found at the Chiquihuite Cave site in Mexico date to approximately 26,000 years ago.

• These items support the idea that humans were present in North America before the Clovis population arrived.

• More than a dozen North American sites containing pre-Clovis items have been identified.

The student wants to make and support a claim about humans' arrival in North America.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?