SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Chapter 107

2023.11

MODULE2 · 27 questions

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Whether the reign of a French monarch such as Francis II or Louis XI was considered historically significant or, conversely, relatively ( ) , its trajectory was shaped by questions of legitimacy and therefore cannot be understood without a corollary understanding of the factors that allowed the monarch to assert a claim to the throne successfully.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical andprecise word or phrase?

Amomentous

Binconsequential

Cbenevolent

Dgenuine

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

In the 2010s, the price of vintage Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles action figures rose dramatically, which had the counterintuitive effect of ( ) demand: buyers who hadn't previously wanted to purchase old action figures thronged the market, believing prices would continue to rise and the toys could be resold later at a profit.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical andprecise word or phrase?

Amonetizing

Bappraising

Cengendering

Dexploiting

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Studying wrappers from discontinued candies, menus from nineteenth-century restaurants, and flyers promoting long-forgotten sporting events may seem like a frivolous pursuit, but ephemeral objects like these are useful as markers of cultural change: they can__shifts in norms, values, and concerns that traditional objects of historical inquiry may not.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical andprecise word or phrase?

Aregister

Bvindicate

Cpreclude

Dinduce

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

_________ though it seemed to many mathematicians, the Marden tameness conjecture, posed in 1974, eventually yielded to the efforts of lan Ago, who presented a proof of it in 2004.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical andprecise word or phrase?

Insuperable

Unequivocal

Irreproachable

Ineluctable

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Why do rusty-spotted cats purr but jaguars roar? Researchers hypothesize that this difference between the two feline species may be partly due to a U-shaped bone in their throats called the hyoid. Rusty-spotted cats, which are much smaller than jaguars, have a rigid hyoid that rumbles when the cat's larynx vibrates, resulting in a purr. By contrast, jaguars have a somewhat flexible hyoid, and the bone is attached to the skull with a stretchy ligament that rusty-spotted cats lack. These traits allow jaguars and most other species of big cats to produce powerful roars. The same traits may also prevent most big cats from purring.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

AThe text compares the habitats of two species, then explains how those habitats are changing.
BThe text presents a theory about two species, then discusses facts that weaken it.
CThe text poses a question about two species, then presents a possible answer.
DThe text describes a behavior shared by two species, then discusses other behaviors shared by them.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Scholarly interest in literary juvenilia——writings by children and teenagers tends to focus on unpublished works by authors who became famous as adults, such as Charles Dickens's poem "The Bill of Fare," which he wrote around the ages of 18-20, because they offer insights into their authors' artistic development. But some scholars also argue that recovering juvenilia by lesser-known writers is essential to understanding literary history: Daisy Ashford's novels, which she published as a child, were widely read by contemporaries and are therefore deserving of closer attention.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

ATo describe the challenges famous writers encountered when seeking to publish works written in their childhood.
BTo present reasons why literary scholars consider juvenilia to be valuable resources.
CTo compare the accomplishments of young writers with those of their adult contemporaries.
DTo argue that Ashford's novels have more literary merit than Dickens's juvenilia do.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

To understand how temperature change affects microorganism-mediated cycling of soil nutrients in alpine ecosystems, Eva Kastovská et al. collected plant-soil cores in the Tatra Mountains at elevations around 2,100 meters and transplanted them to elevations of 1,700-1,800 meters, where the mean air temperature was warmer by 2°C. Microorganism-mediated nutrient cycling was accelerated in the transplanted cores; crucially, microorganism community composition was unchanged, allowing Kastovská et al. to attribute the acceleration to temperature-induced increases in microorganism activity.
It can most reasonably be inferred from the text that the findingabout the microorganism community composition wasimportant for which reason?

AIt provided preliminary evidence that microorganism-mediated nutrient cycling was accelerated in the transplantedcores

BIt suggested that temperature-induced changes inmicroorganism activity may be occurring at increasingly high elevations.
CIt ruled out a potential alternative explanation for the acceleration in microorganism-mediated nutrient cycling.
DIt clarified that microorganism activity levels in the plant-soilcores varied depending on which microorganisms comprisedthe community.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Michael G. Campana and colleagues relied on historical DNA (hDNA)——genomic data incidentally preserved in specimens housed in natural history collections——to investigate the evolutionary origins of a fungal pathogen affecting bats. Although this approach offers unique benefits, such as access to genomic data from extirpated populations, it remains a relatively underutilized resource because DNA is often to some extent degraded, a situation not easily remediable under current methodological paradigms and with extant DNA extraction and analysis technologies.
Information in the text best supports which statement abouthDNA?

AIt may yield insights that other types of genomic data cannot.

BIt has thus far proved valuable mainly to researchers studyingpathogens

CIt may be underused because of its controversial statusamong scientists

DIt tends to be much more degraded than other types of DNAof comparable age.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

In a paper for an art history class, a student claims that Rosa Bonheur's 1855 painting The Horse Fair marks a significant change in Bonheur's artistic development.
Which quotation from an art history textbook would mosteffectively support the student's claim?

A"The paintings that Bonheur produced before The Horse Faircan be thought of as belonging to her earlier style, to whichshe never returned."

B"Of all Bonheur's paintings, none so clearly represents herabilities and ideas as The Horse Fair."

C"The Horse Fair has been analvzed extensively since it wasfirst exhibited, as no two viewers seem to agree about exactlywhat the painting means.

D"Although Bonheur was clearly influenced by other artists ofher time, she was also an artist ahead of her time,as TheHorse Fair demonstrates."

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Neurobiologists Laura Cuaya, Raúl Hernández-Pérez, and colleagues investigated the language detection abilities of eighteen dogs. The researchers monitored the brain activity of Kun-kun (a border collie), Bingo (a mixed breed), and other dogs while the animals listened to three recordings: one of The Little Prince being read in Spanish, the second in Hungarian, and a third made up of short, randomly selected fragments of the first two, scrambled so that they didn't resemble human speech. Each dog was familiar with either Spanish or Hungarian, but not both. The team concluded that differences in dogs anatomical features may affect their ability to distinguish speech from nonspeech.
Which finding from the study, if true, would most directlysupport the team's conclusion?

ACompared with longer-headed dogs,shorter-headed dogsshowed less difference in brain activity when hearing eitherSpanish or Hungarian than when hearing the scrambled recording
BCompared with longer-headed dogs, shorter-headed dogsshowed a greater difference in brain activity when hearingthe language they were accustomed to than when hearingthe other language.

CThe pattern of brain activity that long-headed dogs showedwhen hearing the scrambled recording was different from thepattern of brain activity that short-headed dogs showedwhen hearing the language they were accustomed to.

DLong-headed dogs accustomed to hearing Spanish tendedto show more brain activity when hearing Spanish than longheaded dogs accustomed to hearing Hungarian showedwhen hearing Hungarian.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

"Poetry" is a 1919 poem by Marianne Moore. The poem highlights an ambivalence toward poetry as the speaker acknowledges its merits while also expressing a sense of displeasure, writing ( )
Which quotation from "Poetry" most effectively illustrates theclaim?

A"nor is it valid / to discriminate against business documentsand / school-books'; all these phenomena are important."

B"One must make a distinction / however: when dragged intoprominence by half poets, the result is not / poetry"

C"when [poems] become so derivative as to becomeunintelligible, the / same thing may be said for all of us thatwe / do not admire what / we cannot understand."

D"Reading [poetry], however, with a perfect contempt for it.one discovers that there is in / it after all, a place for thegenuine."

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Cane is a 1923 novel by Jean Toomer. In one portion of the novel, Toomer uses figurative language to connect the narrator's urban environment of Washington, DC, and the rural South of the narrator's past, writing,( )
Which quotation from Cane most effectively illustrates theclaim?

A"The [train] engines of this valley have a whistle, the echoesof which sound like iterated gasps and sobs.I always think ofthem as crude music."

B"I sang, with a strange quiver in my voice, a promise-song

C"The young trees had not outgrown their [planter] boxes thenV Street in Washington, DC] was lined with them.

D"And when the wind is from the South, soil of my homelandfalls like a fertile shower upon the lean streets of[Washington, DC]."

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Some climate models for the western United States predict that while total annual precipitation may remain unchanged from the present level, precipitation will become concentrated into fewer but more intense rain and snow events. University of Texas climate scientist Geeta Persad and her colleagues simulated how the amount of water entering aquifers and the amount being used for irrigation purposes would change if this were to occur. Persad and her colleagues concluded that concentration of precipitation into fewer events would result in a higher number of dry days, triggering more irrigation, but that this change in irrigation output is highly sensitive to the baseline concentration of precipitation that currently exists in an area.
Which choice best describes data from the table that supportPersad and her colleagues' conclusion?

AIf baseline precipitation is somewhat concentrated, theamount of water being used for irrigation will increase 0.4%for surface water and 0.9% for groundwater, whereas theamount of water entering aquifers will increase 11.0% ifbaseline precipitation is evenly distributed
BIt baseline precipitation is somewhat concentrated, wateruse for irrigation will increase only slightly, whereas it willincrease 9.0% for surface water and 7.9% for groundwater ifbaseline precipitation is evenly distributed.
Clf baseline precipitation is somewhat concentrated, theamount of water entering aquifers will increase 4.9%, whilethe amount being used for irrigation will increase 0.4% forsurface water and 0.9% for groundwater.
DIf baseline precipitation is somewhat concentrated, wateruse for irrigation will decline by a small amount, whereas itwill increase 11.0% for surface water and 9.0% forgroundwater if baseline precipitation is evenly distributed

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Ships in the British Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) were ranked based on military strength. The system considered the number of a ship's cannons and decks. "First-rate" was the highest ranking, and "sixth-rate" was the lowest ranking, followed by unranked ships. The size of a ship's crew was based on this ranking: first-rate ships had between 850 and 875 crewmen, while lower-ranked ships had fewer. Two of the ships in the British Royal Navy from this period were the Boyne (98 cannons and three decks) and the Britannia (120 cannons and three decks). Of these two, only the Britannia was ranked a first-rate ship. It can therefore be concluded that ( )
Which choice most logically completes the text?

Asome ships with three decks had a crew of fewer than 850people.

Bthe Britannia needed a crew larger than 875 people in orderto operate efficiently

Cthe Boyne had a larger crew than the Britannia

Dall ships with at least 98 cannons had a crew of at least 850 people

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

In a 2018 study, Deepak Jaiswal and Rishi Kant found that consumers' knowledge of environmental issues had no effect on the likelihood that the consumers would purchase environmentally friendly products. Since this study was based on fewer than 400 young adults in India, however, doubts have been raised about how reliable and representative the findings are. To better understand the issue, Wencan Zhuang and colleagues analyzed the results of 54 studies of eco-friendly consumer behavior, such as a 2018 study from Indonesia that included 916 participants and a 2018 study from India with 202 participants. Taking all 54 studies together, Zhuang and colleagues found a significant positive effect of environmental knowledge on eco-friendly purchasing decisions, suggesting that ( )
Which choice most logically completes the text?

Aa sample size of 202 may be sufficient to make reliableconclusions about the relationship between knowledge ofenvironmentalissues and purchasing decisions

Bconcerns about the broad applicability of Jaiswal and Kant'sconclusion were justified.

Cthe number of participants in Jaiswal and Kant's study wasfar below the number of participants in most studies ofpurchasing decisions

DJaiswal and Kants methodology was more precise than themethodology used in the 2018 study from indonesia.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

In Norway, the Longyearbyen observatory site monitors activity in the upper atmosphere of the northern ( ) in Australia, another observatory site, Buckland Park, monitors the sky of the southern hemisphere. Together, they are part of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network- or SuperDARN, as space physicists like Tadahiko Ogawa call it.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to theconventions of Standard English?

Ahemisphere and

Bhemisphere

Chemisphere

Dhemisphere;

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Long attributed to Jacques-Louis David, the preeminent Neoclassical painter of his day, the 1801 painting Marie Joséphine Charlotte du Val d'Ognes gained fresh attention in the 1990s when art historians discovered that the painting—which depicts a solitary young woman sketching—was actually the work of little-known French portrait ( )Marie-Denise Villers (1774-1821).
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to theconventions of Standard English?

Aartist-

Bartist

Cartist:

Dartist,

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Along the hallowed walls of New York City's Museum of Modern Art hangs 24.5-by-34.5 inch oil ( )which was created in 1964 by American artist Vija Celmins
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to theconventions of Standard English?

painting Gun with Hand #1

painting Gun with Hand #1,

painting, Gun with Hand #1,

painting, Gun with Hand #1

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Legal scholars James Melton and Tom Ginsburg's analysis of de jure judicial independence and its growth over decades__ six constitutional features that enhance such independence, including judicial tenure and selection procedure. Romania's constitution contains one of these features.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to theconventions of Standard English?

Ahas identified
Bidentifies
Care identifying
Didentify

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

For Spain, a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 1982, NATO's principle of collective defense confers both benefits and________organization's many members, nations as disparate as the US and Slovenia, are all bound to defend Spain, the reverse is also true.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to theconventions of Standard English?

Aobligations; the
Bobligations. The
Cobligations, while the
Dobligations: while the

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

As of 2017, Italy's top tax rate of 55% was lower than the country's Laffer curve peak (70%). To some economists, whether a tax cut will ultimately increase Italy's tax revenue is dependent on the country's position on the Laffer ____a theoretical relationship between tax rates and revenues; the curve was famously sketched on a napkin by economist Arthur Laffer in 1974.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to theconventions of Standard English?

Acurve
Bcurve;
Ccurve, which is
Dcurve,its

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Working together with the Navajo Nation Department of Water Resources, Dr. Lani Tsinnajinnie analyzed data about snowpack levels in the Chuska Mountains. She found that the snowpack (the amount of snow on the ground) was deepest in early March at lower elevations. At higher elevations, ( )the snowpack was deepest in mid-March.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Ain other words

Bfor instance

Con the other hand.

Din summarv.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

Biographer Michael Gorra notes that the novelist Henry James "lived in a world of second thoughts," frequently tinkering with his novels and stories after their initial publication. However, the differences between the 1881 first edition and the 1908 edition of his novel A Portrait of a Lady are extreme, even by James's standards; ( ) some critics regard the two editions as two different novels altogether.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Aby contrast

Bin fact,

Cnevertheless

Din other words

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

• Richard Serra is an American artist.

• He is known for his large metal sculptures.

• His large sculpture Open Ended is made of weathering steel.

• His large sculpture Strike: To Roberta and Rudy is made of hot-rolled steel.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the givensentences to emphasize a difference between the twosculptures?

AOpen Ended and Strike: To Roberta and Rudy are both largemetal sculptures by artist Richard SerraBStrike: To Roberta and Rudy is one of artist Richard Serra'slarge metal sculptures.CArtist Richard Serra is the creator of the weathering steelsculpture Open Ended.DOpen Ended is made from a different kind of steel thanStrike: To Roberta and Rudy.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• Documentary TV programs in the slow TV genre consist of uninterrupted broadcasts of ordinary events in real time.
• Nordlandsbanen: Minutt for Minutt is a Norwegian slow TV program.
• The 10-hour-long program documented a train ride from Trondheim to .
• It first aired in 2012.
• In her book Spectacular Television: Exploring Televisual Pleasure, British film scholar Helen Wheatley writes that slow TV "offers 'Unspectacular' spectacle."
The student wants to provide a specific example of a slow TVprogram. Which choice most effectively uses relevant informationfrom the notes to accomplish this goal?

ABritish film scholar Helen Wheatley writes about the slow TVgenre in her book Spectacular Television: ExploringTelevisual Pleasure

BAn example of the slow TV genre can be seen inNordlandsbanen: Minutt for Minutt, a 2012 Norwegianshow featuring an uninterrupted 10-hour real-timebroadcast of a train ride from Trondheim to Bodo

CSlow TV programs provide uninterrupted broadcasts ofordinary events,such as train rides,in real time

DWith their uninterrupted broadcasts, slow TV programs offerwhat film scholar Helen Wheatley calls the "unspectacular'spectacle" of ordinary events occurring in real time.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

• Calida Garcia Rawles is an African American painter.
• She is known for her large-scale, hyperrealistic paintings depicting African American figures in water.
• The painting Lightness of Being (24 × 30 in) depicts a young man with his arms outstretched floating on the right side of the canvas.
• Lost in the Shuffle (36 × 24 in) depicts two young men with their arms outstretched floating in the bottom left and upper right corners of the canvas.
• She paints the water with vivid blue colors, including periwinkle and cobalt.
• The mood in the paintings is placid.
Which choice most effectively uses information from the givensentences to emphasize the location of the figures in Lost in theShuffle?

AWhile the number of figures may differ, constant amongRawles's hyperrealistic works is the placid mood that thepaintings evoke

BIn Rawles's painting Lost in the Shuffle, two young menare depicted in the bottom left and upper right corners ofthe canvas.

CAt 36 by 24 inches. Rawles's Lost in the Shuffle is evenlarger than the sizable 24-by-30-inch painting Lightness ofBeing

DRawles captures the water in paintings such as Lightness ofBeing and Lost in the Shuffle in vivid hues of periwinkle andcobalt.

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Chapter 107 · 2023.11 · MODULE2

• Jean-Michel Basquiat was an American artist who produced more than two thousand drawings and paintings.
• Most of his works were completed in New York City in the 1980s.
• His work Mater was completed in 1982.
• The work is composed of acrylic and oil stick on canvas and measures 72 inches by 84 inches.
• Mater was purchased by a private collection for $5.8 million in a 2009 auction.
Which choice most effectively uses information from the givensentences to emphasize the scope of Basquiat's work?

AMater is just one of more than two thousand drawings andpaintings completed by American artist Jean-MicheBasquiat.

BThough artist Jean-Michel Basquiat completed most of histwo thousand-plus drawings in the 1980s, his work Mater iscomposed of acrylic and oil stick on canvas

CAt a 2009 auction, artist Jean-Michel Basquiat's Matercomposed of acrylic and oil stick on canvas, sold for $5.8million.

DDecades after artist Jean-Michel Basquiat completed his1982 work Mater, a private collection purchased it for $5.8million

MODULE2 · 27 questions

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