SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Chapter 121

2020 : B

READING2 · 22 questions

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Chapter 121 · 2020 : B · READING2

Librarians Help Navigate in the Digital Age
In recent years, public libraries in the United States
have experienced (1) reducing in their operating funds
due to cuts imposed at the federal, state, and local
government levels. (2) However, library staffing has been
cut by almost four percent since 200(8), and the demand
for librarians continues to decrease, even though half of
public libraries report that they have an insufficient
number of staff to meet their patrons’ needs.
Employment in all job sectors in the United States is
projected to grow by fourteen percent over the next decade, yet the expected growth rate for librarians is
predicted to be only seven percent, or half of the overall
rate. This trend, combined with the increasing
accessibility of information via the Internet, (3) has led
some to claim that librarianship is in decline as a
profession. As public libraries adapt to rapid
technological advances in information distribution,
librarians’ roles are actually expanding.
The share of library materials that is in nonprint
formats (4) is increasing steadily; in 2010, at least
1(8).(5) million e-books were available (5) for them to
circulate. As a result, librarians must now be proficient
curators of electronic information, compiling,
6 catalog, and updating these collections. But perhaps
even more importantly, librarians function as first
responders for their communities’ computer needs. Since one of the fastest growing library services is public access
computer use, there is great demand for computer
instruction. 7 In fact, librarians’ training now includes
courses on research and Internet search methods. Many
of whom teach classes in Internet navigation, database
and software use, and digital information literacy. While
these classes are particularly helpful to young students
developing basic research skills, (8) but adult patrons can
also benefit from librarian assistance in that they can acquire
job-relevant computer skills. (9) Free to all who utilize
their services, public libraries and librarians are especially
valuable, because they offer free resources that may be
difficult to find elsewhere, such as help with online job searches as well as résumé and job material development.
An overwhelming number of public libraries also report
that they provide help with electronic government
resources related to income taxes, (10) law troubles, and
retirement programs.
In sum, the Internet does not replace the need for
librarians, and librarians are hardly obsolete. (11))Like
books, librarians have been around for a long time, but
the Internet is extremely useful for many types of
research.

reducing

ANO CHANGE

Breductions

Cdeducting

Ddeducts

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Chapter 121 · 2020 : B · READING2

However

ANO CHANGE

BConsequently,

CNevertheless,

DPreviously,

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has

ANO CHANGE

Bhave

Cwhich have

Dwhich has

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At this point, the writer is considering adding the following information.
—e-books, audio and video materials, and online journals—
Should the writer make this addition here?

AYes, because it provides specific examples of the materials discussed in the sentence.

BYes, because it illustrates the reason for the increase mentioned later in the sentence.

CNo, because it interrupts the flow of the sentence by supplying irrelevant information.

DNo, because it weakens the focus of the passage
by discussing a subject other than librarians.

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for them to
circulate

ANO CHANGE

Bto be circulated by them.

Cfor their circulating.

Dfor circulation

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catalog

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Blibrarians cataloging,

Cto catalog,

Dcataloging,

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In fact, librarians’ training now includes
courses on research and Internet search methods. Many
of whom teach classes in Internet navigation, database
and software use, and digital information literacy
Which choice most effectively combines the
underlined sentences?

AIn fact, librarians’ training now includes courses
on research and Internet search methods; many
librarians teach classes in Internet navigation,
database and software use, and digital
information literacy is taught by them.
BIn fact, many librarians, whose training now
includes courses on research and Internet search
methods, teach classes in Internet navigation,
database and software use, and digital
information literacy.
CTraining now includes courses on research and
Internet search methods; many librarians, in
fact, are teaching classes in Internet navigation,
database and software use, and digital
information literacy.
DIncluding courses on research and Internet
search methods in their training is, in fact,
why many librarians teach classes in Internet
navigation, database and software use, and
digital information literacy.

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Chapter 121 · 2020 : B · READING2

but

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Band
Cfor
DDELETE the underlined portion

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Chapter 121 · 2020 : B · READING2

Free to all who utilize
their services,
Which choice most effectively sets up the examples
given at the end of the sentence?

ANO CHANGE

BDuring periods of economic recession,

CAlthough their value cannot be measured,

DWhen it comes to the free services libraries
provid

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law troubles

ANO CHANGE

Blegal issues,

Cconcerns related to law courts,

Dmatters for the law courts,

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Likebooks, librarians have been around for a long time, but
the Internet is extremely useful for many types of
research
Which choice most clearly ends the passage with a
restatement of the writer’s primary claim?

ANO CHANGE

BAlthough their roles have diminished
significantly, librarians will continue to be
employed by public libraries for the foreseeable
future.
CThe growth of electronic information has led to a
diversification of librarians’ skills and services,
positioning them as savvy resource specialists for
patrons.
DHowever, given their extensive training and
skills, librarians who have been displaced by
budget cuts have many other possible avenues
of employment.

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Chapter 121 · 2020 : B · READING2

Environmentalist Otters
It has long been known that the sea otters (23） living
along the West Coast of North America help keep kelp
forests in their habitat healthy and vital. They do this by
feeding on sea urchins and other herbivorous
invertebrates that graze voraciously on kelp. With sea
otters to keep the population of sea urchins in check, kelp
forests can flourish. In fact, (24） two years or less of sea
otters can completely eliminate sea urchins in a coastal
area (see chart).

Without sea otters present, (25) nevertheless, kelp forests
run the danger of becoming barren stretches of coastal
wasteland known as urchin barrens [1] What was less well-known, until recently at least,
was how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins,
and kelp forests might help fight global warming. [2] The
amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has
increased 40 percent (26) . [3] A recent study by two
professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz,
Chris Wilmers and James Estes, (27) suggests, that kelp
forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as
twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to
(28) devour the kelp. [4] Like (29) their terrestrial plant
cousins, kelp removes carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through
photosynthesis, and releases oxygen back into the air.[5] Scientists knew this but did not recognize (30) how
large a role they played in helping kelp forests to
significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere. [6] Far from making no difference to the
ecosystem, the presence of otters was found to increase
the carbon storage of kelp forests by 4.4 to 8.7 megatons
annually, offsetting the amount of carbon dioxide
emitted by three million to six million passenger cars
each year. (31)
Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that( 32) having
more otters will not automatically solve the problem of
higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. But they suggest
that the presence of otters provides a good model of how
carbon can be sequestered,( 33) or removed; from the
atmosphere through the management of animal
populations. If ecologists can better understand what
kinds of impacts animals might have on the environment,
Wilmers contends, “there might be opportunities for
win-win conservation scenarios, whereby animal species
are protected or enhanced, and carbon gets sequestered.”

livingalong the West Coast of North America help

ANO CHANGE

Bliving along the West Coast of North America,
they help
Cthat live along the West Coast of North America
and help to
Dthat live along the West Coast of North America,
where they help

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two years or less of sea
otters can completely eliminate sea urchins

ANO CHANGE

Beven two years or less of sea otter presence can
reduce the sea urchin threat
Ckelp density increases proportionally as sea
urchin density increases
Deven after sea otters were present for ten years or
more, kelp density was still lower than sea urchin
density

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Chapter 121 · 2020 : B · READING2

nevertheless

ANO CHANGE

Bhowever,
Chence,
Dlikewise,

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At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following information.
since the start of the Industrial Revolution,
resulting in a rise in global temperatures
Should the writer make this addition here?

AYes, because it establishes the relationship
between the level of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere and global warming.
BYes, because it explains the key role sea otters,
sea urchins, and kelp forests play in combating
global warming.
CNo, because it contradicts the claim made in the
previous paragraph that sea otters help keep kelp
forests healthy.
DNo, because it mentions the Industrial
Revolution, blurring the focus of the paragraph.

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suggests, that

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Bsuggests—that

Csuggests, “that

Dsuggests that

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devour

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Bdispatch

Coverindulge on

Ddispose of

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their

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Bthey’re

Cits

Dit’s

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how
large a role they played

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Bhow large a role that it played

Chow large a role sea otters played

Dthat they played such a large role

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Where is the most logical place in this paragraph to
add the following sentence?
What Wilmers and Estes discovered in their
study, therefore, surprised them.

AAfter sentence 1

BAfter sentence 3

CAfter sentence 4

DAfter sentence 5

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Chapter 121 · 2020 : B · READING2

having
more otters

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Bincreasing the otter population

Cthe otters multiplying

Dhaving more otters than other locations

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or removed; from

ANO CHANGE

Bor removed from,

Cor, removed from,

Dor removed, from

READING2 · 22 questions

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