SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

"Eyes of Zapata" is an English-language short story by Sandra Cisneros. It occasionally includes Spanish words and phrases. The English text surrounding these words and phrases             their meaning, so readers who aren't familiar with Spanish can easily read the story. Ana Castillo takes the same approach in her novel So Far from God.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is from Billie Jean King's 2021 autobiography All In.

[P]eople on both sides of my family had repeatedly demonstrated an independent streak. In the end, that was the temperament l gravitated toward, too. Both the Moffitts and the members of my mother's clan, the lermans, came from mining and oil-geyser towns on the western frontier. They kept their heads down and worked, worked, worked. But they also bucked convention.

@2021 by Billie Jean King Enterprises, Inc.

 

As used in the text, what does the word "demonstrated" most nearly mean?

Scientists studying marine ecosystems were surprised by the extent of internal carbon recycling by red coralline algae. While some          of carbon was expected, the scientists found that the algae reabsorb nearly 40% of the carbon dioxide they produce during calcification processes and harness it for photosynthesis.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The dinosaur displays at museums such as the American Museum of Natural History in New York (which has a mounted Allosaurus fagilis skeleton among its holdings) are notable for the           of the research behind them—the museum staff consulted numerous sources to ensure the accuracy of the displays.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Bioluminescence is most commonly found among marine organisms: 70% of known luminescent species inhabit ocean environments. This trait is remarkably stable and has evolved independently in many marine species over time. Light-emitting marine species, like the Humboldt squid with its flashing light displays, exhibit accelerated diversifcation compared to nonluminescent relatives. This increased genetic variety among related light-emitting species further underscores bioluminescence's crucial role in marine biodiversity and evolution.

 

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

The Nazca lines in Peru are designs marked in the earth by ancient peoples. Monuments like these were an inspiration for the land art movement that began in the 1960s. Land art artists create works set in the outdoors. For example, in his 1968 work Annual Rings, Dennis Oppenheim fashioned concentric lines that look like tree rings into the ice that covered a waterway.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

While many initiatives aimed at limiting atmospheric warming focus on curbing emissions of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas that is typically generated by microbially mediated processes, Lisa Y. Stein and Mary E. Lidstrom caution that under certain circumstances, such efforts cause microbial communities to accelerate production of nitrous oxide (N2O), another potent greenhouse gas, thus offsetting the impact of CH4 Reduction. Researchers, therefore, need to take such biological interactions into account to ensure that any CH4 mitigation strategy has an overall positive climate effect.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Great Expectations is an 1861 novel by Charles Dickens. The narrator describes his uncle, Joe Gargery, as being both powerful and tender:           

 

Which quotation from Expectations most effectively illustrates the claim?

Researchers have identified over eighty gestures made by nonhuman great apes, such as raising an arm and rocking from side to side, that appear to convey information and that seem to be biologically inherited. Kirsty E. Graham and Catherine Hobaiter hypothesized that humans may be able to interpret great ape gestures, either through an evolutionary inheritance or as part of more general human cognitive abilities. The researchers tested this hypothesis by enlisting participants in an online game in which they had to correctly identify the meanings of ape gestures seen in videos. Though participants achieved some success, it is unclear whether they sometimes did so by making use of additional context provided by the images or sounds in the video recordings.

 

Which statement, if true, would most strongly support the underlined claim?

The following text is from an 1894 translation of Alexandre Dumas's 1844 novel The Count ofMonte-Cristo, Dantès is searching for a treasure and finds a cave whose opening has been deliberately blocked by a large rock Hercules is a hero of Greek mythology.

Dantès dug away the earth carefully, and detected, or fancied he detected, the ingenious artifice. He attacked this wall, cemented by the hand of time, with his pickaxe. After ten minutes' labor the wall gave way, and a hole large enough to insert the arm was opened. Dantès went and cut the strongest olive-tree he could find, stripped off its branches, inserted it in the hole, and used it as a lever. But the rock was too heavy, and too firmly wedged, to be moved by any one man, were he Hercules himself.

Which statement about Dantès is best supported by the text?

Lin-Tai Ho and colleagues counted fish in a tide pool in Taiwan at several times during the year and found that some species had a significantly higher maximum population count than others. For example, the highest count for the indo-Pacific sergeant was 28 individuals in October of 2001, whereas the highest count for the Biliton rockskipper was              

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?

Biochemists l. Sam Saguy and Eli j. Pinthus studied the mass and heat transfer processes that occur when foods, such as the Indian snacks batata vada and sabudana vada, are fried in oil. During frying, water in the crust evaporates, leaving voids that oil can fill, thereby increasing the food's fat content. As the process continues, water from the food's center moves to the crust as long as the crust remains permeable. Therefore, the more moisture a food loses during frying,             

 

Which choice most logically completes the text?

The kawau tree is one of many forest plant species native to Oahu (a Hawaiian island) that are at risk of extinction in the wild. Ecologists say that fruit-eating birds help support these species' population numbers by dropping seeds from the plants' fruits to different spots where new plants can grow. The birds native to Oahu that used to do this have all gone extinct over time. However, the common waxbill and other fruit-eating bird species brought to the island in the last 150 years have been found to spread plant seeds. Based on this finding, some ecologists suggest that kawau trees and other forest plants native to Oahu            

 

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Though they are in different countries, the towns of Entebbe, Uganda, and Booue, Gabon,         They are among the rare places that sit almost directly on the equator.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Pumpkins were among the many plant species from the Western Hemisphere introduced into the Eastern Hemisphere in the years following Christopher Columbus's first transatlantic voyage in 1492. This ongoing transfer of species between hemispheres               now known as the Columbian Exchange.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English？

Among several noun cases used in Sanskrit and other Indo-Aryan languages            the locative case, used to indicate that an action is occurring in, at, on, or near a particular noun.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English？

It was long thought that maize was domesticated solely from parviglumis—a subspecies of teosinte, a wild grass—in Mexico's lowlands about 9,000 years ago. However, a 2024 analysis has revealed that between 15 and 25 percent of maize's genes can be traced to a second            highland subspecies of teosinte that was hybridized with maize around 4,000 years after the initial domestication.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English？

Hummingbird flower mites use electroreception to detect electric fields created by flapping hummingbird wings, allowing mites to travel from flower to flower in hummingbird beaks. Both host detection and transportation are electrically            when mites move their legs toward the arriving hummingbird, they are pulled by electrostatic force to the bird's modulated electric fields-a process that occurs in milliseconds.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English？

The World Cup of men's soccer, one of the biggest sporting events on the planet, brought 32 national teams from six continents to the host country, Germany, in 2006. The event, which is held every four years, used to be much smaller and more limited geographically.           the 1930 World Cup in Uruguay included only 13 teams, all from Europe and the Americas.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Karel Čapek's 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), in which artificial workers overthrow their masters, left an indelible mark on the science fiction genre, and the English language, by introducing the term "robot" (derived from the Czech word robota, meaning "indentured labor" or "drudgery").             Čapek's play also contributed to a venerable literary and mythological tradition: using artificial beings as mirrors and foils for humanity.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In ArtMed inSight, a series of art-based medical education classes taught by Anne Willieme, medical students learn to use techniques more often associated with the arts, such as slowing down interpretation and considering multiple perspectives.          Willieme's students develop better observational skills, enhancing their ability to understand and diagnose patients effectively.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In a given rock formation, Rhaetian rock from 208.5 million years ago might directly abut Lochkovian rock from 419.2 million years ago, with millions of years of material missing in between.             time did not stand still during these intervening years; the unaccounted-for sedimentary material was likely removed from the stratigraphic record via erosion and weathering.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

·Letters from a Peruvian Woman (1747) is an epistolary novel by French author Françoise de Graffgny.

·Epistolary novels are novels written primarily as a series of fictional documents.

·These documents can be letters, journal entries, newspaper clippings, and more.

·Letters from a Peruvian Woman consists primarily of letters.

·The letters are sent between a captured Incan princess and her fiancé.

 

The student wants to define the term "epistolary novel." Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

·The human tongue contains taste receptors for a rich, savory flavor called umami.

·Umami is triggered by the compounds in a variety of foods, including sardines and mushrooms.

·Participants in a study tasted a sample of wakame, a type of brown seaweed.

·They rated its umami intensity as moderate.

·The participants tasted a sample of ma-konbu, another type of brown seaweed.

·They rated its umami intensity as high.

 

The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two seaweeds. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

·An isthmus is a strip of land that connects two larger pieces of land across an expanse of water.

·It is also known as a land bridge.

·The Isthmus of Tehuantepec is located in Mexico.

·It connects the southern tip of Mexico to the northern part of Mexico.

 

The student wants to provide a specific example of an isthmus. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

·Shanawdithit (1801-1829) was a Beothuk cartographer(mapmaker).

·Her maps of Newfoundland's Beothuk Lake outline both the lake and various points around the lake where encounters between the Indigenous Beothuk people and British colonists occurred.

·Her maps are notable for depicting the experiences the Beothuk had within the landscape.

·Contemporary Potawatomi cartographer Margaret Pearce: Indigenous cartography emphasizes "experienced space, or place. as opposed to the Western convention of depicting space as universal, homogenized, and devoid of human experience."

·Pearce: "Indigenous cartographies are as diverse as Indigenous cultures. from Hawaiian performative cartographies to Navajo verbal maps and sand paintings."

 

The student wants to describe Shanawdithit's approach and explain its significance. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?