SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? The National Heritage Fellowship was created to honor exceptional folk and traditional artists in the United States. In 2013, the fellowship was given to the Pyramid Lake Paiute storyteller Ralph Burns to ______ his lifetime contributions to the arts.

In the search for new impact craters on Mars, the roles of seismic monitoring and orbital imaging as data sources are ______: when vibrations detected with seismic monitoring indicate roughly where an impact has occurred, researchers can use orbital images of that relatively limited area of the rocky surface to precisely locate a new crater.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A conclusive demonstration of the logical certainty of the honeycomb conjecture, posed in the first century BCE, ______ mathematicians' efforts until Thomas C. Hales presented the first valid proof of the conjecture in 1999.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

If some specific predictions in Alvin Toffler's 1970 book Future Shock seem ludicrous now— people do not wear paper clothing while living in underwater cities—Toffler's fundamental claim that rapid technological and social change will leave people feeling disoriented and atomized seems, in our age of disequilibrium and fragmentation, remarkably ______.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Although spiny lobsters and some other arthropods have long been known to actively care for their eggs and offspring, relatively little has been known about this kind of behavior in ancient insects. Now, Chenyang Cai and colleagues claim that Jurassic fossils from a site in China contain the earliest evidence of insect brood care. The researchers examined fossils of Karataviella popovi, an extinct water insect species, and found thirty adults that appear to have been storing clusters of eggs on one of their left legs. This discovery reveals that insects engaged in brood care much earlier than previously believed.

 

According to the text, where do Cai and colleagues think K. popovi adults stored their eggs?

Establishing protected areas (PAs), such as Abrolhos Marine Park in Brazil, is a common conservation strategy, but because PAs restrict some kinds of economic activity, it's widely thought that they hinder economic development. This perception is driven in part by the fact that economic assessments often don't capture the indirect effects of tourism linked to PAs. But Heng Zhu et al. found that tourism associated with Abrolhos boosts local demand for goods and services in other economic sectors, resulting in, for instance, increased income from fishing in nearby areas.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

In the US, the Lanham Act allows companies to own trademarks, which are words or images that represent specific products. "Xerox," for example, refers to products made specifically by the Xerox Corporation, the company that owns the trademark. However, the Lanham Act also allows a trademark to be taken away if it ceases to be specific. For example, "cellophane" was once a trademark for a particular brand of food wrapping material. Over time, though, people started using "cellophane" to refer to many different brands. Because the word had become generic, a court decided that it could no longer be owned as a trademark.

 

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Moving beyond a simple "present or absent" designation, researchers created a new classification system that allows for a nuanced understanding of bioluminescence in marine organisms that was unavailable under binary classification systems. The new six-point scale considers varying levels of supporting evidence used to identify bioluminescent species. For example, the firefly squid scores 1 because of inconsistent reports, the painted armhook squid scores 4 because of its anatomical similarity to known luminous relatives, and the purple-striped sea nettle scores 6 because of substantiated direct observations.

 

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Museums sometimes make parts of their collections available online. The Museo de Arte de Lima in Lima, Peru, and the Museum of Modern Art in New York, New York, have both shared digital images of some of their artworks in online collections. Online collections make it much easier for people to experience art belonging to museums that arent located close to them.

 

Which quotation from a student best illustrates the underlined claim?

Most Native languages belong to language families, or groups of languages whose structural and lexical correspondence likely derives from their descent from a single language spoken long ago. A minority—such as Washoe, which is spoken in California and Nevada, and Chitimacha, which is spoken in Louisiana—are isolates, having no demonstrable genealogical relationship to other languages. Yet Washoe and Chitimacha, like all isolates, are potentiallyremnants of families whose other members vanished before the historical record could attest to them, perhaps through the geographical expansion of extant families.

 

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Mountain summits are often described in terms of their elevation, or height above sea level. But a summit's elevation may not be as good an indication of how high the mountain appearsto observers as is the summit's prominence, or its height above its surroundings, and these values can differ significantly. For example, the Indian mountain of ______

 

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example?

The Man in the Brown Suit is a 1924 novel by Agatha Christie. In the novel, the protagonist, Anne Beddingfeld, talks about how much her father disliked living in the present era, saying, ______

 

Which quotation from The Man in the Brown Suit most effectively illustrates the claim?

"The Open Boat" is an 1897 short story by Stephen Crane. In the story, four men are at sea in a lifeboat. The narrator suggests that the progress of the boat is dependent on the forces of nature: ______

 

Which quotation from "The Open Boat" most effectively illustrates the claim?

Text 1

With a shell that measured 1.7 meters, the extinct mollusk Parapuzosia seppenradensis is the largest ammonite in the fossil record. Ever since fossilized remains of this large ammonite were first discovered in 1895, scientists have been perplexed by its size. After examining 154 ammonite fossils including P. seppenradensis fossils from Texas and Parapuzosia leptophylla (a smaller ammonite species) fossils from England, paleontologist Christina Ifrim, Arturo H. González-González, and colleagues concluded that P. seppenradensis may have evolved from P. leptophylla and gradually increased in size as larger ammonites were better able to escape being preyed on by mosasaurs.

 

 

Text 2

Christina Ifrim and her team have expanded our understanding of the evolutionary history of ammonites in general, but their study has some gaps that will require additional research to fill. For instance, there's evidence that mosasaurs preyed on ammonites, but there's no direct evidence that they interacted specifically with P. seppenradensis.

 

 

Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely characterize the study conducted by Ifrim, González-González, and colleagues in Text 1?

Text 1

Good art often challenges and disrupts social and aesthetic norms, but the creation of public art—paintings, sculptures, and performance pieces displayed in nonmuseum or nontheatrical public settings—typically requires broad agreement among artists, civic officials, and community members about the works' message and artistic goals. Public art that fails to appease everyone by being sufficiently aesthetically and conceptually bland almost inevitably provokes backlash.

 

 

Text 2

Public art is commonly displayed in spaces intended for purposes other than meaningful aesthetic engagement. Some critics of public art therefore note that norm-defying pieces that aren't effectively integrated within their surroundings in a manner that primes passersby to appreciate the piecesʼ merits (as is often the case) tend to be regarded more unfavorably than similarly provocative art encountered in museums is.

 

 

Based on the texts, how would the critics mentioned in Text 2 most likely respond to the underlined claim in Text 1?

Whereas Joan Lockard's 1984 study of captive gorillas reported more right-handedness than left-handedness, Jane Goodall's 1963 study of wild chimpanzees did not. According to a meta-analysis of studies of nonhuman primates, captive populations are more likely to be described as right-handed than wild populations are. Statistical analysis indicates a handedness study would need a minimum of 176 individuals to show a representative result; however, the study by Lockard included a total population of 8, and the study by Goodall included a total population of 8. This suggests that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

British professional soccer team Manchester United Football Club, whose home uniform color is mainly red, won more than half its home matches between 1947 and 2003. This is a higher proportion of home matches than Watford Football Club, whose home uniform color is not red, won during the same period. According to a study by Martin J. Attrill and colleagues, the color red can cause people to respond with fear and hesitation, which the researchers think helps explain Manchester United's success. Nadav Goldschmied and colleagues reanalyzed the published data from this study, however, and found no evidence that reduniformed teams are more likely than other teams to win, suggesting that Manchester United's red uniforms ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Pablo Picasso famously subverted the norms of traditional painting: in his cubist paintings he refused to let his expression be constrained, fragmenting objects and figures to present multiple perspectives simultaneously. Though less widely known, Picasso—who once lamented that writers of his time had "limited themselves to moving around words somewhat while respecting the syntax"—also wrote poetry that defied conventional grammar, semantic relationships, and text structure. Thus, the paintings and poems are linked in that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Daily News is an oil painting by Dona Nelson, an American artist. Nelson created ______ in 1983.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The city of New Delhi, India, is home to an office of the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol). However, you won't see Interpol agents chasing international criminals in New Delhi. Interpol can help with investigations, but only Indian authorities ______ permitted to make arrests there.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Edwige Moyroud is a biologist at the University of ______ conducts research on plants.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The early Australian railroad system of the 1800s was famously uncoordinated. Trains on the broad gauge Victorian Goldfields Railway line in Victoria couldn't travel on the Ballyhooley Steam Railway in Queensland, which used narrow gauge tracks, without performing timeconsuming conversions. ______ historians refer to this complicated system as the "mixed gauge muddle".

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Elvis Presley's iconic jumpsuit White Pinwheel featured rhinestones arranged in pinwheel patterns. Historians note that adornments such as these added between twenty-five and fifty pounds to each of Elvis's stage outfits. ______ the fabric used to make the outfits was light and flexible, enabling freedom of motion.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

· 1914: British explorer Ernest Shackleton and a small crew embarked on an expedition to Antarctica.

· 1915: Shackleton's ship Endurance became stuck in ice before eventually breaking apart and sinking.

· 1916: After more harrowing sea-ice adventures, the entire crew was rescued.

· 1959: Historian Alfred Lansing wrote a book called Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage.

· 2001: Filmmaker George Butler released a documentary called The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition.

· 2022: The wreckage of Endurance was discovered at the bottom of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.

 

The student wants to provide a historical overview of the Shackleton expedition. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

· A nonnative species is considered invasive if it causes environmental or economic harm in an ecosystem.

· Multiflora rose is a species of shrub native to East Asia.

· It can also be found in the midwestern and eastern US.

· There, it forms dense thickets and invades pastures.

· It is considered an invasive species in the US.

 

The student wants to indicate one or more regions where multiflora rose is causing environmental or economic harm. Which choice most effectively uses relevant informationfrom the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

· Suzanne K. Birner led a study analyzing rocks on the seafloor to better understand the history of Earthʼs mantle.

· Rock samples were collected from two seafloor ridges.

· The researchers determined the samples' period of formation (the Archean eon) and oxidation level (extremely low).

· High temperatures in the Archean likely caused the rocks' low oxidation.

· Birner's team suggests the oxidation of Earth's mantle has remained stable over time, contrary to previous theories.

· The findings help explain the unique conditions that allowed life to develop on Earth.

 

The student wants to present the study's research methods. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?