SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

The unique subak water management system used to irrigate the rice paddy fields of the Indonesian island of Bali has a rich cultural, philosophical, and historical significance dating back to the ninth century. The many elements of subak—terraces, canals, and water temples—are___________: they are joined together into a single cohesive unit.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Rejecting the premise that the literary magazine Ebony and Topaz (1927) should present a unified vision of Black American identity, editor Charles S. Johnson fostered his contributors' diverse perspectives by promoting their authorial autonomy. Johnson's self-effacement diverged from the editorial stances of W.E.B. Du Bois and Alain Locke, whose decisions for their publications were more______.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Economist Marco Castillo and colleagues showed that nuisance costs—the time and effort people must spend to make donations—reduce charitable giving. Charities can mitigate this effect by compensating donors for nuisance costs, but those costs, though variable, are largely________donation size, so charities that compensate donors will likely favor

attracting a few large donors over many small donors.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Habitat navigation is a skill that helps animals reach food or safety. To test how navigation works in fish, Shachar Givon and colleagues taught goldfish to drive a vehicle—a motorized fish tank with wheels—on land. The vehicle was programmed to move in the same direction that the fish swam in within the tank. In the experiment, the fish were tasked with driving their tank to a pink board. They received a treat when they succeeded,and they often did. Because the fish could move their tank to the board, Givon concludes that their navigational skills aren't specific to an aquatic environment.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The following text is adapted from Akwaeke Emezi's 2019 novel Pet. Jam is a teenager who lives with her father, Aloe, and her mother,Bitter, who is a painter.

Bitter finished the painting in the dark morning of a day—it was well past midnight when Jam heard the studio door creak open. She stared into the velvet black of her room and listened to her mother's footsteps walking in her [mother] and Aloe's bedroom. There was a weight thrumming through the floorboards in a low song, and that was how Jam knew the painting was done. Bitter's feet were singing the news.

Which choice best states the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

In 2016 Ana Filipa Lopes and colleagues published a study concluding that ocean acidification has a strong effect on the behavior of Atherina presbyter, a species of fish. However, Lopes and colleagues' study relied on a mean sample size of only about 15 fish. In a 2022 review of various scientists' conclusions about the impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior, Timothy D. Clark and colleagues caution that relying on such a relatively small sample size can increase the potential for biased analysis. Such analysis, in turn, can contribute to reports of exaggerated effects.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Olms are salamanders that live in underwater caves. Scientists once thought that olms stay in their caves all their lives. However, Raoul Manenti and team claim that olms regularly come to the surface to perform important activities such as finding food.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the underlined claim?

Creeping dogwood (Cornus canadensis) plants are native to Alaska, where harsh conditions have historically impeded potential invasive species. As the boreal climate has warmed in recent decades, however, common knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare) plants have established themselves in Alaska. It has been suggested that warming-induced delays in the onset of subfreezing temperatures in autumn can benefit invasives more than native species; to evaluate this possibility, biologists Christa Mulder and Katie Spellman tracked C.canadensis and P. aviculare, along with other native and invasive species, over several years, concluding that invasives are advantaged by delays in subfreezing temperature onset in Alaska.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support Mulder and Spellman's conclusion?

Deposits of valuable objects, or hoards, have been unearthed in many different parts of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Some of these hoards were discovered before 2000; for example,_________.

 

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

Researcher Helen O'Neill and her team were studying sponges in the family Irciniidae when they discovered that three of the sponges were functioning as microhabitats for banded sand catsharks (Atelomycterus fasciatus). Additionally, the team found that male and female A. fasciatus share the same sponge (the same microhabitat), a behavior not found among Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni), another seabed-dwelling species.

Which choice best describes data from the graph that support the underlined claim?

Elisabeth Potzelsberger and colleagues gathered data on 23 non-native tree species grown in Europe. They analyzed reports from Denmark, Finland, and Belgium about the number of these species grown by the timber industries in those countries. The researchers concluded that none of these countries'timber industries grow all 23 species.

 

Which choice best describes data from the graph that support Potzelsberger and colleagues'conclusion?

"How lifelike are they?" Many computer animators prioritize this question as they strive to create ever more realistic environments and lighting. Generally, while characters in computer-animated films appear highly exaggerated, environments and lighting are carefully engineered to mimic reality. But some animators, such as Pixar's Sanjay Patel, are

focused on a different question. Rather than asking first whether the environments and lighting they're creating are convincingly lifelike, Patel and others are asking whether these elements reflect their films' unique stories.

 

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined question in the text as a whole?

Southern Colorado's Conejos County is among the most rural counties in the United States: the US Census Bureau classified it as 100% rural in 2010. Researchers studying populations of counties like Conejos often struggle to recruit and retain participants. Melissa Valerio and colleagues tested whether a method called snowball sampling could improve recruitment and retention. Working in two rural counties, the researchers identified a small number of people who had the characteristics desired for a proposed study and asked them to recruit additional participants from their social networks. Valerio and colleagues found that participants recruited via snowball sampling showed a much higher retention rate than did people recruited by strangers, suggesting that_________.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

The Borgia map is a mappa mundi from the fifteenth century. Currently held at the Vatican Library in Vatican City, it is one of over 1,000 such world maps from the European Middle Ages still remaining, with the even older Hereford map from the fourteenth century (now held at Hereford Cathedral in Hereford, England)________another one.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The African baobab (Adansonia digitata) known as Panke Baobab, located in Zimbabwe, was one of the oldest known trees in the world, at 2,419 years old. With over two millennia of climate data in its tree__________single tree like this, claims dendrochronologist Valerie Trouet, can tell the history of the world.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In the periodic table, an element's atomic number indicates how many protons there are in an atom of the element. For example, a xenon atom_________54 protons. Professor Raymond Chang explains this concept in more detail in the textbook Chemistry.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Koulsy Lamko, born in 1959, is a playwright from Dadouar, Chad. In recent years more writers from Chad, including Lamko,_________to reach audiences beyond the African nation's borders.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

L. Leann Kanda, a researcher and sewing enthusiast, experimented with several techniques in her attempt to replicate the famous pleating of the Fortuny Delphos gown. The specific method, which the fashion____________developed in the early twentieth century, is considered lost.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The transit method, a means of indirect planetary discovery, has detected previously unknown exoplanets at vast distances from___________the super Earth TRAPPIST-1b; at 352 light-years away, the super Earth Kepler-102 f; and, as of 2023, over 4,000 other exoplanets that are too far away and dim to be observed directly.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The Eloi are not real: they are fictional creatures that feature in H. G. Wells's acclaimed science fiction novella The Time Machine._________the Eloi were prime candidates for inclusion in Jorge Luis Borges and Margarita Guerrero's The Book of Imaginary Beings, a compendium of fantastical entities from legend and literature.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Portuguese researcher Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira reports that the caffeic acid in termite mushrooms benefits the mushroom by combating harmful molecules called free radicals.__________Ferreira suggests that the acid can promote cellular health in humans,who also experience free radical damage.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Some bands choose a name that's as unique as possible to distinguish themselves from other bands. The electronic rock band Primary,_________took a different approach. They chose to name themselves after a song by a well-known band, the Cure.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While studying jorō spiders, a large species originally from East Asia, University of Georgia researchers wondered if the spiders' rapid spread throughout the southeastern US was a result of aggressive behavior._________they discovered that jorō spiders are gentle giants who react to even minor disturbances by "freezing" in place for an hour or more.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Body positions are an important part of dance.

· In ballroom dance, there is a position called closed facing position.

· It is one of several positions for partner dancing.

The student wants to provide an example of a position in ballroom dance. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

·As engineered structures, many bird nests are uniquely flexible yet cohesive.

·A research team led by Yashraj Bhosale wanted to better understand the mechanics behind these structural properties.

·Bhosale's team used laboratory models that simulated the arrangement of flexible sticks into nest-like structures.

·The researchers analyzed the points where sticks touched one another.

·When pressure was applied to the model nests, the number of contact points between the sticks increased, making the structures stiffer.

The student wants to present the primary aim of the research study. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Charles Bertram Johnson (1880-1958) was an African American poet.

· Johnson also worked as an educator and minister.

· "Old Things" is a poem by Johnson.

· It was published in the March 1923 issue of The Crisis.

· The Crisis is an influential Black literary magazine.

The student wants to provide an example of a poem by Johnson. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?