SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Dragon against Tiger is an important work of Nihonga, or classical Japanese painting. Unlike Wada Eisaku, who adopted traditional European methods such as painting with oil on canvas, Hashimoto Gahõ _______ traditional Japanese approaches. For instance, Hashimoto produced Dragon against Tiger by applying color pigments to a silk surface.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The Fly River delta is a remarkably _______ landscape: it is a constantly evolving network of channels and strips of land that change in size and shape as the river deposits new sedimentary particles where the river meets the waters of the Gulf of Papua.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The human body has three types of muscle _______ cardiac, and skeletal. The levator anguli oris is a skeletal muscle---of which the body contains more than six hundred---and it helps with raising the corners of the mouth.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In what is now Washington state, the Tulalip Tribes operate the Hibulb Cultural Center. Relying on traditional knowledge to guide the design of exhibits, this institution presents Tulalip history and culture to the tribes' citizens. The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, a tribe in North Dakota, employs a similar strategy in its own cultural center. Both centers contrast with museums that aren't Indigenous-led; when displaying Indigenous artifacts, such museums tend to anticipate mainly non-Indigenous audiences and rely on Eurocentric strategies for designing exhibits.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Benjamin Prod homme and colleagues have explored how convergent evolution--- a phenomenon that occurs when the same trait evolves independently in two reproductively separate lineages --- can result from a genetic mechanism shared by both lineages. Meanwhile, Patricia J. Wittkopp and colleagues have investigated how convergence occurs through different genetic mechanisms, but the relative prevalence of convergence through shared and different genetic processes is still poorly understood. This motivated biologists Delbert A. Green H and Cassandra G. Extavour to evaluate both types of convergence in a single study for their 2012 paper.

Which choice best states the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

Text 1

Uisdean Nicholson and his team have discovered evidence in seismic data of a 40-kilometer-wide subsurface crater beneath nearly a kilometer of water off the coast of West Africa that is consistent with a 400-meter-wide asteroid striking the seafloor. This structure, which the team named Nadic exhibits all the telltale signs of a high-velocity impact crater: an elevated rim, a circular shape, a terraced floor, and a pronounced area of uplift at its center.

Text 2

Both carbonate dissolution and subsurface salt withdrawal can cause craterlike depressions without the need for a high-velocity impact. However, carbonate dissolution is very unlikely to have occurred in the vicinity of Nadir, and although subsurface salt withdrawal could have plausibly occurred in this area and would result in a depression with a terraced floor or a circular shape, it would not exhibit the area of central uplift seen at Nadir.

Which choice best describes a difference between the approach of Text 1 and the approach of Text 2?

Motivated to sell as many paintings as possible, Alfred Hair, an influential figure among the landscape artists known as the Florida Highwaymen, pioneered "fast painting," which in part involved working across multiple canvasses at once. That many of Hair's acolytes, including Isaac Knight, imitated the technique accounts in part for the impressionistic qualities that are now synonymous with the group's shared aesthetic. But not all Highwaymen fully embraced this approach: for instance, though Willie Reagan was also prolific, his paintings were executed with greater attention to detail.

What does the text most strongly suggest about paintings by Knight?

"Cocoa" is an example of a loanword---that is, a word that originated in one language and was later adopted by another. The word came to English indirectly from cacao, the Spanish word for the plant that chocolate is made from. Spanish had borrowed it from Nahuatl, an Indigenous language of Central Mexico, in which the word's original form is cacahuatl. "Puma" is also Indigenous in origin and entered English through Spanish. But in this case, the original source was Quechua, a language of South America, in which the word for the mountain lion is also puma.

The author makes which point about the Spanish language?

A student is researching the trends in the topics submitted to a national science fair for high school students. The graph shows the number of submissions by topic that were made each year. Based on the data in the graph, the student claims that there were more medicine and health research topics submitted in 2019 than in any other year.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to support the underlined claim?

The following text is adapted from Daniel Defoe's 1704 nonfiction book The Storm.

The sermon is a sound of words spoken to the ear, and prepared only for present meditation, and extends no farther than the strength of memory can convey it; a book printed is a record; remaining in every man's possession, always ready to renew its acquaintance with his memory, and always ready to be produced as an authority or voucher to any reports he makes out of it, and conveys its contents for ages to come, to the eternity of mortal time, when the author is forgotten in his grave.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Poems is an 1895 collection of poetry by Frances EW. Harper. In one of Harper's poems, the speaker criticizes activists who champion humanitarian causes in other countries while overlooking local concerns saying, _______

Which quotation from Poems most effectively illustrates the claim?

To understand the extent of deforestation in the Chorotega region of Costa Rica, Juan Pablo Arroyo-Mora and colleagues used historical aerial photography and remote sensing data to track changes in the annual mean size of forest patches across different land use capability classes (categories that indicate possible uses of forest land). Due to the Chorotega region's vulnerability to agricultural development and land degradation, researchers observed significant shifts in forest distribution patterns, including a(n) _______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the assertion?

In dialects of English spoken in Scotland, the "r" sound is strongly emphasized when it appears at the end of syllables (as in "car") or before other consonant sounds (as in "bird"). English dialects of the Upland South, a region stretching from Oklahoma to western Virginia, place similar emphasis on "r" at the ends of syllables and before other consonant sounds. Historical records show that the Upland South was colonized largely by people whose ancestors came from Scotland. Thus, linguists have concluded that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Veronica L. Bura, Akito Y. Kawahara, and Jayne E. Yack investigated the evolution and function of sound production in silk moth and hawk moth caterpillars. They found that during harmless simulated attacks on isolated caterpillars, 33% of the tested species produced sound, which ranged from clicks in Actias luna to whistles in Rhodinia fugax. Although some insects use sound to communicate with members of the same species, the researchers claim that the caterpillar sounds recorded in their study are directed primarily at predators.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support Bura and colleagues' claim?

Round Rock Chapter is one of the 110 chapters of the Navajo Nation (Naabeehó Bináhásdzo). The chapter, known as Tsé Nikání in the Navajo language (Diné bizaad), was the subject of a profile ______ in the Navajo Times on February 13, 2014.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

What makes the theremin a unique musical instrument? You play it without touching it. When you place your _______ the pitch will shift as your hands move through the air.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Deposits of crushed orange limestone and other organic matter lend the sand at Porto Ferro Beach in Italy an unusual orange tint that dazzles _______ they take a bit of sand home, though, it disturbs the beach's ecosystem by contributing to erosion.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

San Juan High School and Grand County High School are two of several Utah _______ enormous geoglyph of the letters SJ overlooks San Juan High, while a geoglyph of the letter G overlooks Grand County High.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

While the greater adjutant can be found in places like the Central Tanintharyi Coast in Myanmar and the Prek Toal Bird Sanctuary in Cambodia, more than 80 percent of this endangered stork species is found in Assam, India. There, wildlife biologist Dr. Purnima Devi Barman is on the front lines of conservation efforts that, through community involvement and scientific _______ aim to bring adjutants back from near extinction.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Consider the mechanics of the pinhole camera: light passes through a small hole, resulting in a focused projected image. A ray diagram reveals how this _______ the hole's small size restricts light to a single ray, all light passing through the hole can only arrive at a single destination, eliminating diffraction and ensuring a clear image.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1949, Frank Zamboni developed an ice rink resurfacing machine. As Zamboni's machine moved along the rink's surface, it first scraped off the top layer of ice. _______ it sprayed water into the deep grooves left behind by customers' skates. Lastly, it smoothed over the newly formed ice.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

●Richard Serra is an American artist.

●He is known for his large metal sculptures.

●His large sculpture Open Ended is made of weathering steel.

●His large sculpture Strike: To Roberta and Rudy is made of hot-rolled steel.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to emphasize a difference between the two sculptures?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

●A lever is a simple machine consisting of a rigid beam and a fulcrum.

●The fulcrum is the point about which the beam pivots.

●The input force (effort) is the force applied to the lever.

●The output force (load) is the force that the lever exerts on another object.

●In first-class levers, the fulcrum is located between the effort and the load.

●In second-class levers, the load is located between the effort and the fulcrum.

The student wants to contrast first-class levers and second-class levers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

●A supercontinent is a single landmass made up of most or all of Earth's continents.

●Over time, continents merge together to form supercontinents, which then break apart.

●This process is believed to take hundreds of millions of years and is known as the supercontinent cycle.

●Euramerica and Kenorland were supercontinents.

●Euramerica formed about 300 million years ago.

●Kenorland formed about 2.6 billion years ago.

The student wants to specify when Euramerica formed. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

●The Haystack Mountain School of Crafts (1961) is a building complex designed by American architect Edward Larrabee Barnes.

●It is located in Deer Isle, Maine.

●It features a cluster of cedar-shingled buildings.

●It is considered an impressive example of critical regionalist architecture.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to emphasize the location of the Haystack Mountain School of Crafts?

●Maya Lin is an American artist known for her memorials and large-scale installation artworks.

●She became famous in 1982 when she completed the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, which consists of two 246-foot granite walls.

●She completed Water Line in 2006.

●It is an installation composed of aluminum tubing that fills an entire gallery room.

●She completed Seven Earth Mountain in 2015.

●It is an installation composed of soil that fills an entire gallery room.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to emphasize a difference between Water Line and Seven Earth Mountain?