SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Some cities estimate where sidewalks are located using road maps, which is not very accurate. Maryam Hosseini and her team trained a computer program to identify sidewalks in aerial images of Manhattan and used it on images of Brooklyn. The program's performance was_________to that of the road-map method: it more accurately identified sidewalks, and it even distinguished between cobblestone and brick.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Often, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry is given to a single person, such as George de Hevesy in 1943. But recognition isn't restricted to__________individuals. Instead, success in fields like chemistry is usually achieved through collaboration with other experts, as was the case for Max Ferdinand Perutz, who was among those awarded for "their studies of the structures of globular proteins."

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is from Charles Chesnutt's 1905 novel The Colonel's Dream. Mr. French and Mr. Kirby work together.

Mr. French, the senior partner, who sat opposite Kirby, was an older man—a safe guess would have placed him somewhere in the debatable ground between forty and fifty; of a good height, as could be seen even from the seated figure, the upper part of which was held erect with the unconscious ease which one associates with military training.

As used in the text, what does the word "good" most nearly mean?

The Apollo Moon landings (1969-1972) brought atmospheric sensors and soil sensors to the Moon and produced large amounts of data, much of which was stored on outdated technologies. A data-transfer project is making the data available again, thereby________the Apollo data's usefulness, as the data are used to study the geology of the Moon.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

"How lifelike are they?" Many computer animators prioritize this question as they strive to create ever more realistic environments and lighting. Generally, while characters in computer-animated films appear highly exaggerated, environments and lighting are carefully engineered to mimic reality. But some animators, such as Pixar's Sanjay Patel, are focused on a different question. Rather than asking first whether the environments and lighting they're creating are convincingly lifelike, Patel and others are asking whether these elements reflect their films' unique stories.

 

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined question in the text as a whole?

In Hoocąk, an Indigenous language from the Midwest region of what is now the United States, zi means "yellow," whereas zizi means "yellow in spots." This phenomenon, in which an element of a root word is repeated, sometimes with modification, within another word that is related to the root word, is called reduplication. In this case, the entire word zi gets repeated in zizi. There are many examples of this type of reduplication in Hoocąk.

The text makes which point about Hoocąk?

The Federalist Papers are a collection of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison. Their publication (under a single pen name) was divided among the Daily Advertiser and other New York newspapers in 1787-88. The essays argue that New Yorkers should vote to ratify the proposed United States Constitution. Though the authorship of most of the individual essays is certain, that of a few is in question: for instance, while No. 6, "Concerning Dangers from Dissensions between the States," was surely penned by Hamilton, No. 62, "The Senate," may have been written by either Hamilton or Madison.

Based on the text, what do the essays "Concerning Dangers from Dissensions between the States" and "The Senate" have in common?

Text 1

In 2019 Belo Horizonte, Brazil, was named a City of Gastronomy by UNESCO in recognition of the city's unique food culture. The honor is well known among residents of the city as well as tourists who visit. It's obvious that the selection of Belo Horizonte by UNESCO has brought awareness to local recipes, cooking practices, and chefs and has provided a boost to the city's tourism industry.

 

Text 2

Many people in Belo Horizonte's restaurant industry hoped that food tourism would increase after the city was chosen as a City of Gastronomy in 2019. However; as researcher Eerang Park and colleagues argue, cities must still create effective marketing strategies to benefit fully from being named a City of Gastronomy. Without an intentional effort to promote the city's food scene, many current and potential visitors to Belo Horizonte may not even be aware that it's home to uniquely delicious food.

 

Based on the texts, what would the author of Text 2 most likely say in response to the underlined claim in Text 1?

A student is researching volcanoes in Ecuador. The student claims that Ecuador is home to several different types of volcanoes.

 

Which choice best describes information from the table that supports the student's claim?

A student is using the graph for a class presentation on historic employment trends in the agriculture, hunting, and forestry sectors in two European countries. The student notes that from 1995 to 2007.

 

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?

Memoirs of Elleanor Eldridge is an 1838 historical account by Elleanor Eldridge and Frances Harriet Whipple Green. In the book, the authors assert that all people naturally have an emotional attachment to where they live, writing,________.

Which quotation from Memoirs of Elleanor Eldridge most effectively illustrates the claim?

Ants and aphids are known to be mutualistic: ants feed on the honeydew produced by aphids, while aphids benefit from ants' protection against predators. If aphid colonies—which generally require relatively stable surfaces, such as trees or other woody plants, to thrive—are too small to produce significant volumes of honeydew, however, ants will prey on aphids. Researcher Tae-Sung Kwon examined ant and aphid abundance in two habitats in South Korea, one on the mainland and one on Jeju Island. Though the habitats differed in some important respects, both were predominantly grassland, which could help explain why Kwon observed_________.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Chemists M.H. Gamble, P. Rice, and J.D. Selman studied the mass and heat transfer processes that occur when foods, such as the Indian snacks malapua and puri bhaji, are oil fried. During frying, water in the crust evaporates, leaving voids that oil (a pure fat) can fill. As the process continues, water from the food's center moves to the crust as long as the crust remains permeable. Therefore, it is likely that, all other things being equal, sections of a food that lose less moisture during the frying process__________.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

In the 1980s, Latino filmmakers Luis Valdez, Gregory Nava, and Ramón Menéndez helped expand on-screen representation of Latino Americans with the films Zoot Suit________and Stand and Deliver (1988), respectively.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Olga Tokarczuk of Poland won it; George Bernard Shaw of Ireland won it, too. These are just two examples of the wide range of writers to be granted what is arguably the most prestigious________the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Museo del Autonomismo Puertorriqueño is a history museum in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It's one of more than eighty museums in the US territory. Puerto Rico's___________showcase everything from the territory's history to its architecture to its coffee.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Creek Council Tree (1967) and Cimarron Iron Bridge (1972) are two oil landscape paintings by renowned Pawnee Nation artist Brummett Echohawk. In 2023,_________displayed alongside other works by Echohawk at the student-curated exhibition Brummett Echohawk: An Artist's Journey at the Oklahoma State University Museum of Art.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

For scientists to produce new iron nanoparticles of a specific size or strength, they must first be able to monitor reactions between oxygen and existing iron nanoparticles at a near-atomic level of detail. Fortunately, chemistry__________and his colleagues at Temple University recently developed a new approach that does just that.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The Grootbos florilegium in South Africa contains a collection of botanical paintings, with each painting depicting a local plant species in exquisite detail. The florilegium includes a vignette painting by contributing artist Sibonelo Chiliza. Unlike most paintings in the florilegium,__________.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Physicist Walter Massey led numerous scientific organizations over his long career. His most prominent appointment came in 1990, when Massey was named director of the National Science Foundation.________Massey had served as the first president of the National Society of Black Physicists.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Analyses of Rembrandt's seventeenth-century painting The Night Watch, citing its richly saturated colors and stark contrasts between light and shadow, often characterize the work as an exemplar of the Baroque-era style. Many art historians, however, challenge the very notion of a distinct Baroque era. They claim that the so-called Baroque aesthetic was,________just an extension of the stylings of the Renaissance era.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In her poetry collection Thomas and Beulah, Rita Dove interweaves the titular characters' personal stories with broader historical narratives. She places Thomas's journey from the American South to the Midwest in the early 1900s within the larger context of the Great Migration.___________Dove sets events from Beulah's personal life against the backdrop of the US Civil Rights Movement.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

·The human tongue contains taste receptors for a rich, savory flavor called umami.

·Umami is triggered by the compounds in a variety of foods, including tuna and blue cheese.

·Participants in a study tasted a sample of sea palm, a type of brown seaweed.

·They rated its umami intensity as moderate.

·The participants tasted a sample of bull kelp, another type of brown seaweed.

·They rated its umami intensity as high.

The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two seaweeds. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

·Soap forms as the result of a chemical reaction between fats and either sodium or potassium hydroxide.

·One end of a soap molecule is hydrophobic (water repelling), and one end is hydrophilic (water attracting).

·The hydrophobic ends of soap molecules adhere to hydrophobic surface contaminants, such as dirt and oils.

·The soap molecules form circular structures (micelles) around contaminants.

·The hydrophilic ends of the molecules encase the micelles in water, lifting the micelles and contaminants off surfaces.

The student wants to explain how soap removes a surface contaminant. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

·The Polytechnic in Gdansk, Poland, is home to a Foucault pendulum.

·The pendulum consists of a weighted ball that swings at the end of a roughly 26 -meter-long cable.

·Like all Foucault pendulums, it dangles from a fixed point that ensures the swing path of the pendulum doesn't change.

·To an observer, the swing path of a Foucault pendulum appears to change over time because Earth rotates beneath it.

·Foucault pendulums are used as a simple way to provide evidence of Earth's rotation.

The student wants to specify the parts of a Foucault pendulum. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

·As engineered structures, many bird nests are uniquely flexible yet cohesive.

·A research team led by Yashraj Bhosale wanted to better understand the mechanics behind these structural properties.

·Bhosale's team used laboratory models that simulated the arrangement of flexible sticks into nest-like structures.

·The researchers analyzed the points where sticks touched one another.

·When pressure was applied to the model nests, the number of contact points between the sticks increased, making the structures stiffer.

The student wants to present the primary aim of the research study. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?