SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Chapter 55

2025.3 : B-C (analysis included)

READING 1 · 27 questions

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Marie Curie (1867--1934) was a physicist and chemist born in Warsaw, Poland.

· She conducted her early research in a poorly equipped shed, often working with limited resources.

· Curie discovered the elements polonium and radium, but her initial findings were met with skepticism from some scientists.

· Early in her career, she faced challenges securing funding, such as being denied a formal laboratory by the University of Paris.

· Later, she became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two scientific fields.

The student wants to make and support a generalization about Marie Curie's early research challenges. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

AMarie Curie discovered polonium and radium despite working in a shed with limited resources and facing skepticism from peers.BThe University of Paris initially denied Marie Curie a formal laboratory, forcing her to work in a shed during her early career.CMarie Curie's groundbreaking discoveries earned her two Nobel Prizes, making her a pioneer in science.DEarly in her career, Marie Curie struggled with inadequate facilities and institutional support, such as conducting research in a shed and being denied funding for a proper lab.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Most bird species migrate to warmer regions during winter.

· The Emperor Penguin lives year-round in Antarctica.

· The Arctic Tern migrates, but the Atlantic Puffin remains in Arctic regions throughout the year.

· Both Emperor Penguins and Atlantic Puffins have adaptations like dense feathers and fat layers to survive extreme cold.

The student wants to emphasize a shared trait between Emperor Penguins and Atlantic Puffins. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

AEmperor Penguins and Atlantic Puffins live in polar regions but rely on different survival strategies.BUnlike migratory birds, Emperor Penguins and Atlantic Puffins stay in their habitats year-round and have physical adaptations for cold climates.CThe Arctic Tern migrates seasonally, while Emperor Penguins endure Antarctica's harsh winters.DAtlantic Puffins thrive in the Arctic, whereas Emperor Penguins are native to Antarctica.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· The Amazon Rainforest, known for its biodiversity, is home to millions of species of plants, animals, and insects.

· It is often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth" because it produces around 20% of the world's oxygen.

· The rainforest spans nine countries in South America, including Brazil, Peru, and Colombia.

· Deforestation in the Amazon is driven by logging, agriculture, and mining.

The student wants to emphasize the importance of the Amazon Rainforest. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

AThe Amazon Rainforest is located in nine South American countries and is a vital source of oxygen for the planet.BThe Amazon Rainforest is home to millions of species and has been significantly impacted by deforestation from human activities.CThe Amazon Rainforest's vast biodiversity includes many species of plants and animals, and it is known for producing a significant portion of the world's oxygen.DThe Amazon Rainforest is often called the "lungs of the Earth" because of its ability to produce oxygen.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· The scientific method involves forming a hypothesis, designing an experiment, collecting data, and analyzing results.

· Peer review is a process where other scientists evaluate a study's validity before it is published.

· Replication, repeating an experiment to confirm findings, is crucial for verifying scientific claims.

· A 2020 study on climate change impacts was replicated by three independent labs, all confirming the original results.

The student wants to emphasize the importance of verification in scientific research. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

AThe scientific method requires forming hypotheses and analyzing data to draw conclusions.BPeer review ensures that studies like the 2020 climate change research meet rigorous standards before publication.CReplication, such as when three labs repeated a 2020 climate study, is critical for confirming scientific findings.DA 2020 study on climate change impacts demonstrated the need for rigorous data collection.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Pottery involves shaping clay into vessels using techniques like hand-building or wheel-throwing.

· Glazes, made from minerals and oxides, are applied to dried clay to add color and create a glass-like surface when fired.

· A kiln is a high-temperature oven used to harden clay and melt glazes during firing.

· The process includes two firings: bisque firing (to harden raw clay) and glaze firing (to melt the glaze).

The student wants to explain the basic steps of creating glazed pottery. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

APottery requires a kiln for firing, and glazes made from minerals and oxides add color to the finished product.BIn pottery, clay is shaped by hand or on a wheel, coated with glaze, and fired twice---first to harden the clay, then to melt the glaze.CWheel-throwing is a common pottery technique, but hand-building can also be used to shape clay into vessels.DBisque firing occurs before glaze firing, ensuring the clay is durable enough to withstand the high temperatures of the second firing.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

A recent global analysis of precipitation patterns revealed significant regional disparities in rainfall changes over the past decade. While some areas experienced drastic increases, others faced prolonged droughts. __________,the Sahel region of Africa saw a 30% rise in annual rainfall, whereas parts of Australia recorded their driest years in a century. These findings highlight the uneven impacts of climate shifts. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AFor example,BHowever,CConsequently,DSimilarly,

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

In a 2024 study, researchers investigating the biodiversity of trees in Amsterdam counted and classified the city's trees. They found notable variation in the percentage of native trees in different areas of the city.________more than half of the trees in administrative unit GE05 (54%) were native species, but only 12% of the trees in administrative unit GE04 were native species. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AAs was previously stated,BExemplifying this variation,CContrary to this finding,DResulting from this conclusion,

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

The discovery of penicillin, a groundbreaking antibiotic, is credited to Scottish__________Alexander Fleming. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Ascientist,Bscientist---Cscientist:Dscientist

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

The United States and Australia___________environmental protection laws have been praised for their effectiveness in reducing deforestation. According to a 2023 report by the Global Sustainability Institute, these serve as models for other nations aiming to balance economic growth with ecological preservation. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Acountries' policies,Bcountry's policies,Ccountries policies,Dcountries's policies,

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

While the greater adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius) can be found in places like the Nawalparasi forests in Nepal and Ang Tropeang Thmor in______than 80 percent of this endangered stork species is found in Assam, India. There, wildlife biologist Dr. Purnima Devi Barman is on the front lines of conservation efforts to bring adjutants back from near extinction. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

ACambodia moreBCambodia. MoreCCambodia; moreDCambodia, more

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

In 1990, the fantasy novel The Eye of the World was published under the pen name Robert Jordan. Now, we know that________ Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Awas the author's real name James Oliver Rigney Jr?Bthe author's real name was James Oliver Rigney Jr.Cthe author's real name was James Oliver Rigney Jr?Dwas the author's real name James Oliver Rigney Jr.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

In June of 2005, the song "Pon de Replay" was a top-ten hit. Having climbed the charts for twenty-six weeks,_______ranked No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 list of most popular songs. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

AtheyBitCeachDthose

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

After weeks of discussion,____________reached a unanimous verdict: the merbers of committee would grant the 2024 Innovation Award to Dr. Elena Martinez for her groundbreaking research in renewable energy. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

AitBtheyCyouDsomeone

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

Several studies across Europe and Asia have identified a strong correlation between deforestation rates and declines in native bird populations. However, ecologist Dr. Carlos Mendez observed stable bird populations despite high deforestation in a study conducted in the Amazon Basin. Meanwhile, Dr. Priya Rao's research in Southeast Asia confirmed the typical correlation, aligning with global trends. This suggests that_________. Which choice most logically completes the text?

AAmazon bird species are evolutionarily distinct from those in Europe and Asia, making them less vulnerable to habitat loss.Bthe methods used in Dr. Mendez's study underestimated the true deforestation rate in the Amazon Basin.Cfactors specific to the Amazon, such as rapid forest regrowth or alternative food sources, may buffer bird populations from deforestation effects.Ddeforestation impacts bird populations only in regions with temperate climates, not tropical ones.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

Biologist Maria Sanchez and her team studied two populations of a freshwater fish species living in different lakes. They found that fish in Lake A had a diet consisting mainly of small insects, while fish in Lake B primarily ate tiny crustaceans. Sanchez hypothesized that the dietary difference was due to water clarity: Lake A has murky water, making it harder to spot fast-moving crustaceans, whereas Lake B has clear water, allowing fish to detect and catch them more easily. Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken Sanchez's hypothesis?

AThe fish in both lakes have similar vision capabilities, suggesting that their ability to detect prey is not different.BThe population of tiny crustaceans is much lower in Lake A than in Lake B, while the population of small insects is similar in both lakes.CThe water in Lake A occasionally becomes clearer during the dry season, but the fish there still primarily eat insects.DThe fish in Lake B consume small insects when tiny crustacean populations decline.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

Lin-Tai Ho and colleagues monitored fish populations in a tide pool in Taiwan. The graph shows the population of three fish species in a Taiwanese tide-pool from January to October 2001. Which claim is best supported by the data?

AThe barred flagtail population increased steadily from January to October.BThe striated rockskipper population remained constant from April to October.CThe combtooth blenny population peaked in January and sharply declined afterward.DAll three species reached their lowest population in July.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

Juan Pablo Arroyo-Mora and his team analyzed historical aerial photographs and remote sensing data to assess the extent of deforestation in Costa Rica's Chorotega region. They tracked changes in the average size of forest patches across different land use capability classes, which define the potential uses of forest land. Due to the region's climate, many forested areas were transformed into cattle pastures as increasing global meat prices fueled a cattle ranching boom in the 1960s and 1970s. By 1986, the average size of forest patches had significantly decreased, measuring between ___________. Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the assertion?

A100 and 125 hectares.B125 and 150 hectares.C200 and 250 hectares.D0 and 50 hectares.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

The following text is adapted from Charlotte Brontë's 1847 novel Jane Eyre. The narrator, Jane, reflects on her journey to Thornfield Hall: I looked out; we were clearing the top of a ridge; the moon, broad and red, was rising over the dim horizon. A low wall, a white gate, and a dark avenue beyond---these marked the grounds of Thornfield. The coach descended into the valley, and as we wound downward, the moonlit hills seemed to retreat, and the brooding shadows of the estate to advance, as though the landscape itself were ushering me into a new realm of solitude and mystery. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

AJane expresses relief at finally reaching her destination after a long and tiring journey.BJane observes a contrast between the moonlit natural scenery and the encroaching darkness of Thornfield's grounds.CJane fears the isolation of Thornfield Hall and regrets her decision to travel there.DJane describes the practical challenges of navigating a moonlit landscape at night.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

The Galápagos Islands are home to the giant tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra), a species that has evolved uniquely across different islands. Due to the distinct vegetation and microclimates of each island, tortoises on Isabela Island developed dome-shaped shells suited to lowland grazing, while those on Española Island evolved saddleback shells to reach higher vegetation. However, their specialized adaptations make these tortoises susceptible to threats like invasive species and climate shifts that alter their habitats. Based on the text, why did Española Island tortoises develop saddleback shells?

ATo compete with other herbivorous species for limited resources.BTo adapt to the need to access elevated vegetation on their island.CTo withstand extreme temperature fluctuations in their habitat.DTo migrate more easily between islands in search of food.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

In Norway, the Sámi Parliament Cultural Center prioritizes the preservation and teaching of Sámi languages and traditions through community-led workshops and elder-guided storytelling. In contrast, the Nordic Museum in Stockholm, which houses a significant collection of Sámi artifacts, often designs its exhibits with interactive digital displays aimed at attracting international tourists. According to the text, what is one key difference between the Sámi Parliament Cultural Center and the Nordic Museum?

AThe Nordic Museum focuses exclusively on modern Sámi art.BThe Sámi Parliament Cultural Center relies on digital technology for exhibits.CThe Nordic Museum tailors its exhibits primarily for a global audience.DThe Sámi Parliament Cultural Center avoids displaying historical artifacts.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

The following text is adapted from H. W. Longfellow's 1841 poem The Rainy Day. The day is cold, and dark, and dreary; It rains, and the wind is never weary; The vine still clings to the moldering wall, But at every gust the dead leaves fall, And the day is dark and dreary. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

AIt describes how nature continues to thrive despite the harsh weather.BIt emphasizes the speaker's appreciation of the beauty of a rainy day.CIt conveys the gloomy and somber mood of the scene.DIt contrasts the weather at different times of the day.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

Founded in New York City in 1904, the Hispanic Society of America is dedicated to the arts and cultures of Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking regions around the world. Since its founding, it has acquired more than 18,000 objects for its permanent collection. More recently founded US-based institutions devoted to Latino cultures include the Latino Cultural Center. Located in Dallas, it focuses on Latino cultures and art in the United States.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

ATo trace the founding of two institutions, including how they acquired funding to purchase artworks.BTo present information about two institutions, including each institution's area of focus.CTo trace a historical development that encouraged the founding of two institutions.DTo draw a contrast between the collection sizes of two institutions.

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

The vowel inventories of the Niger-Congo languages in West Africa tend toward the_________: Yoruba has nine distinct vowels, Igbo includes eight, while the global median per language is just five. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

AminimalBcomplexCextensiveDtonal

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

The debate over artificial intelligence's role in creative industries often centers on its ability to generate original content. Critics argue that AI lacks true creativity, while proponents claim that algorithms can__________diverse artistic styles, offering new tools for human artists to expand their own creative boundaries. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

AstifleBmimicCdisregardDsimplify

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

The social structure of medieval Bremen was heavily influenced by hierarchical institutions (e.g., kinship groups) within the settlement, a condition that some researchers suggest potentially______not just social but also economic fluidity---and by extension, urban growth---by constraining the range of contacts available to individuals in the settlement. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

AprotractedBdisseminatedCinhibitedDcatalyzed

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

Kelp forests, which serve as nurseries for fish and buffer coastlines from storm surges, are __________ marine ecosystems along temperate shores. The degradation of kelp due to pollution and warming waters threatens species diversity and destabilizes coastal habitats. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Airrelevant toBfoundational toCincompatible withDovershadowed by

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Chapter 55 · 2025.3 : B-C (analysis included) · READING 1

The Framingham Heart Study, initiated in 1948, collected extensive data on cardiovascular health through decades of participant monitoring. Modern researchers like Dr. Elena Martinez still analyze this historical dataset to uncover patterns in heart disease risk factors, demonstrating that the study's value to medical science is__________. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

AoutdatedBenduringCspeculativeDisolated

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