SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
●Generally, an object will heat up when twisted.
●The twisting of an object is known as torsion.
●A 2019 study led by Zunfeng Liu and Ray Baughman tested the torsional heating of various fibers.
●When a sample of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber fiber was twisted, its average surface temperature increased by 12℃.
●When a sample of four-ply nickel-titanium (NiTi) wire was twisted, its average surface temperature increased by 30.4℃.
The student wants to emphasize a similarity between EPDM rubber and four-ply NiTi wire fibers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
●A supercontinent is a single landmass made up of most or all of Earth's continents.
●Over time, continents merge together to form supercontinents, which then break apart.
●This procesid is believed to take hundreds of millions of years and is known as the supercontinent cycle.
●Ur was a supercontinent that formed about 3.1 billion years ago.
●Pangaea was a supercontinent that formed about 300 million years ago.
The student wants to emphasize the order in which the supercontinents were formed. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
●Most of the plant and bird species in Oahu, Hawaii, are non-native.
●In a 2019 study, researchers wanted to know what role non-native birds play in dispersing plant seeds in Oahu.
●Researchers catalogued plant seeds found in fecal samples from non-native birds.
●Psydrax odorata, a flowering shrub, was one of fifteen native species catalogued.
●Cestram nocturnum, a nightshade, was one of twenty-nine non-native species catalogued.
●Researchers concluded that non-native birds play a vital role in dispersing the seeds of native and non-native plants.
The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two plants. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
●Tianguistengo is a municipality in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico.
●Municipalities are governmental regions responsible for providing many public services to their residents.
●One service they provide is traffic control.
●Tianguistengo covers an area of roughly 256km².
●Hidalgo is divided into 84 municipalities.
The student wants to emphasize the size of Tianguistengo. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

In planetary science, it is theorized that volatile compounds like water ice cannot accumulate into large bodies within a star's frost line---where temperatures are too high for ices to remain solid. Beyond this boundary, however, such ices can coalesce into planetesimals. A study led by Dr. Helena Cruz,________identified a cluster of icy asteroids orbiting well inside the frost line of a nearby star, defying current models of planetary formation.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Generally, sleek vehicles are more aerodynamic than bulkier ones. For example, the streamlined nose of the T-38 Taton jet helps it glide through wind with relative ease._______a boxy semitruck encounters more wind resistance, making it less aerodynamic.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The 2020 documentary Without a Whisper---Konnon:Kwe was directed by Katsitsionni Fox. It explores how Indigenous Haudenosaunee culture shaped the woman suffrage movement in the early nineteenth _______ how the personal and political authority Haudenosaunee women had in their communities influenced the first suffragists in the US.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A worker cooperative is a business that is owned and operated by its workers. This model stands in contrast to traditional models in which a smaller group of owners controls a company. Because the profits made by a cooperative are shared by all workers---who are also owners---the workers _______ directly from its success.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In May of 1959, the song "Danny Boy" was a top-ten hit. Having climbed the charts for ten weeks,_________ranked No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 list of most popular songs.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Museo de Recursos Históricos de Lares, a history museum in Lares, Puerto Rico, is one of more than eighty museums in the US territory. Puerto Rico's museums_______visitors about everything from the territory's history to its architecture to its coffee.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The first modern public zoo opened at the height of the French Revolution in 1793. Located in downtown Paris, the zoo was called the Menagerie du Jardin des Plantes. It was filled with living animals that had been confiscated ________ the private collections of French aristocrats.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Ocean Vuong's 2019 novel On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous is regularly described as autobiographical. That characterization is apt---there are many parallels between the experiences of the novel's character of Little Dog and those of Vuong---but it should not be taken to mean that all the people and events depicted in On Earth We're Brieffy Gorgeous are based on actual people and events. The novel is largely pure invention, and readers who neglect this fact and instead try to identify more and more real-life analogues thus risk _______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Although Eastern North Pacific (ENP) gray whales generally migrate between their wintering waters along the coast of Mexico and their foraging waters in the Arctic, a subset of this population---known as the Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG)---forages along the coastlines of Northern California (USA) and British Columbia (Canada) instead. Interestingly, individuals in this subset reach smaller maximum sizes than other ENP whales do, despite having similar pre-maximum growth rates. Researchers hypothesize that this difference may be an adaptation to distinct resource opportunities in the PCFG foraging range.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers' claim regarding the size of PCFG whales?

"The Road Not Taken" is a 1916 poem by Robert Frost. In the poem, the speaker reflects on the significance of choices, suggesting that the path one selects ultimately shapes their life's journey. The speaker emphasizes that this decision carries lasting weight, stating that______
Which choice most effectively uses a quotation from "The Road Not Taken" to illustrate the claim?

"Aunt Sue's Stories" is a 1926 poem by Langston Hughes. In the poem, the speaker indicates that the stories Aunt Sue tells are based on Aunt Sue's personal experiences, saying that _______
Which choice most effectively uses a quotation from "Aunt Sue's Stories" to illustrate the claim?

While doing research for a paper about metal exports, a student finds information about copper mining in different countries in 1995 and 2020. The student notes that United States produced 1.85 million metric tons of copper in 1995 and ________
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

In Brazil, use of solid fuel (e.g., coal, wood) as a share of total household fuel use fell by around 70 percent between 2000 and 2019; such shifts are typically explained by appeal to the energy ladder, a model holding that fuel choice is mediated mainly by household income (specifically, high-technology fuels displace solid fuels as incomes rise). Alemu Mekonnen and Gunnar Kôhlin's study of fuel use in Ethiopia shows this model to be reductive, however: household fuel use was heterogeneous, flexible, and influenced by several factors, including households' cooking habits.

Based on the text, how would an advocate of the energy ladder model most likely explain the change observed in Brazil?

The following text is from a translation of Maria Dueñas's 2009 novel The Time in Between. The narrator has just rented an apartment and is entering it for the first time.

Over the years there have been many times when my destiny has delivered me unexpected moments, unforeseen twists and turns that I've had to handle on the fly as they appeared. Occasionally I was ready for them; very often I wasn't. Never, however, was I so aware of entering a new stage as I was that afternoon in October when I finally dared to cross the threshold and my steps sounded hollowly in the unfurnished apartment. Behind me was a complicated past, and in front of me, like an omen, I could see a space opening out, a great empty space that time would take care of filling up.

2009 by Maris Duefias. Trasalation 2011 by Daniel Hahn.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Elio Sucena and colleagues have explored how convergent evolution---a phenomenon that occurs when the same trait evolves independently in two reproductively separate lineages---can result from a genetic mechanism shared by both lineages. Meanwhile, Patricia J. Wittkopp and colleagues have investigated how convergence occurs through different genetic mechanisms, but the relative prevalence of convergence through shared and different genetic processes is still poorly understood. This motivated biologists Delbert A. Green II and Cassandra G. Extavour to evaluate both types of convergence in a single study for their 2012 paper.Which choice best states the overall structure of the text?

The following text is from a translation of a contemporary novel. The narrator has just arrived in a new city and is standing in an empty apartment for the first time.

Years of restless wandering had led me to this rain-soaked evening, where the echoes of my footsteps bounced off bare walls. The suitcase at my feet held little more than a faded journal and a key to a future I could barely grasp. Through the streaked window, neon lights blurred into watery constellations, and the hum of the unfamiliar city seeped in. I thought of the cramped dorm rooms and temporary shelters I'd left behind, each a chapter ending abruptly. Now, here I stood---no map, no promises---just the weight of a stranger's contract in my pocket and the eerie certainty that nothing would ever be the same.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The following text is adapted from Jane Austen's 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice. Mrs. Bennet is a character known for her social ambitions.

Among the residents of Meryton, Mrs. Bennet was considered a woman of singular dedication to her daughters' prospects, tirelessly scheming to secure advantageous marriages. Her neighbors marveled at her persistence, though few recognized the anxiety driving her efforts. Mrs. Bennet never openly acknowledged her fears of financial ruin; she diverted conversations away from the entailment of Longbourn, laughed breezily at mentions of spinsterhood, and skillfully redirected attention to the latest ball or eligible bachelor.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

The cybersecurity protocols implemented by firms like CyberSafe Solutions (which safeguards financial data for major banks) are recognized for the _______ of their threat detection systems---engineers continuously update algorithms and integrate real-time data feeds to preempt potential breaches.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Knowledge spillovers, a phenomenon where innovation accelerates due to proximity, often emerge when researchers and entrepreneurs_______urban hubs, as observed in biotechnology firms clustered in Boston, USA. While economists traditionally attributed such clustering to shared resources, a 2022 study by Maria Thompson et al. revealed that industry-specific factors like regulatory environments play a greater role than previously assumed.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The dinosaur displays at museums such as the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago (which has a mounted Apatosawus skeleton among its holdings) are notable for the _______ of the research behind them---the museum staff consulted numerous sources to ensure the accuracy of the displays.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

During film's early years, those who worked in the industry had a vested interest in convincing the public to embrace the new medium. As Sumiko Higashi argues, some filmmakers relied on film critics to influence the public's ________ the world of cinema. Critics who drew similarities between film and traditional art forms, like drama, could help legitimize film as an art form.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In some of his sculptures, Allan Houser uses abstract geometric shapes to depict his subjects rather than portraying them in realistic detail. For instance, his 1989 work Embrace is highly abstract and therefore differs strikingly from some of his other pieces in which the viewer can easily ________ familiar objects.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?