SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

●The South Sudan Workers Trade Union Federation (SSWTUF) is a national union federation for the African nation of South Sudan.

●It helps improve conditions for workers in that nation.

●ITUC-Africa is a regional union federation that represents national union federations across Africa.

●It represents the SSWTUF.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to explain the purpose of national union federations?

Firefly luciferase (Fluc) is a distinctly evolved enzyme that can oxidize a substrate called Dluciferin to induce bioluminescence and can act as a fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) enzyme, a class of enzyme present in all insects. ______ Fluc is a bifunctional enzyme whose presence indicates an insect is capable of emitting light; in contrast, the presence of ACS alone would be insufficient for determining bioluminescence.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In an ekphrastic poem, a poet explores a work of visual art, such as a drawing, sculpture, or painting. Robert Hayden's 1994 poem "Monet's Waterlilies," for example, meditates on Claude Monet's 1899 painting Water Lilies; Saad Ali's 2020 poem "This Town," ______ takes a painting as its subject: Ivan Aivazovsky's 1859 work Lunar Night on the Black Sea.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

According to the free electron model, metals, such as copper and silver, do not maintain bonds by sharing and exchanging electrons. _______ metals are held together by a system of valence electrons that travel freely, interacting with neither ions nor each other. This framework for understanding the subatomic relationships within metals can be used to help explain heat and electrical conductivity.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Scientists studying asteroid deflection have focused on secondary objects such as S/2020 (2013 PY6), a moonlet orbiting the near-Earth asteroid 2013 PY6. In 2022 NASA intentionally crashed a probe into just such an object, the moonlet Dimorphos. _______ Dimorphos's orbital period around the near-Earth asteroid Didymos was permanently altered.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In his 2011 book, historian Sebouh David Aslanian quantifles the reading patterns of early modern Armenian merchants from New Julfa. Aslanian's macroanalysis__nearly 1,000 book titles published between 1512 and 1800 shows not only the steady popularity of religious texts but also a broadening interest in secular books, especially those on history and geography.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

That the repeated thermonuclear outbursts of U Scorpii, a recurrent nova system consisting of a white dwarf star and a companion star, have occurred on timescales as brief as eight years---shorter intervals between outbursts than have been observed in some other novae of its class---________ to the white dwarf's extremely large mass and rapid accretion of hydrogen from its companion star.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In a US national election, one might expect major-party campaigns to focus on the most populous states. However, if polls and past voting data suggest that the outcome in a given state is a foregone conclusion, a campaign will not invest its resources there. Ultimately, a state's voting record and polling data, not its population size, ________ its importance to campaigns.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Although 60558 Echeclus and 2014 YX49 are both classified as centaur objects---outer solar system bodies in unstable orbits---they exhibit striking differences in__object 60558 Echeclus is considered an active centaur, showing sporadic comet-like activity (such as clouds of dust and gas on its surface), 2014 YX49, showing no such activity, is considered dormant.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Enacted in 2006, Nepal's constitution, according to legal ______ contains all of the six constitutional features that enhance judicial independence. Explicit provisions for judicial independence, Melton and Ginsburg's research explains, are more likely to be found in constitutions enacted after 1985.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Included in Serial Intent, a 2017 group exhibition at the Akron Art Museum in Ohio, was the work of artist Lorna Simpson, who is best known for her multimedia artworks that juxtapose images of African American women with text fragments. Her work challenges conventional notions of race, gender, history, and _______ she is credited with expanding the horizons of conceptual photographic art.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) capitalize on the ability of some species of bacteria to metabolize metal, liberating electrons. The bacteria form a dense biofilm on the surface of an electron-collecting anode, but moving the electrons from the bacterial cytoplasm to an external electrode requires that the electrons pass through a series of inefficient oxidationreduction (redox) reactions. Accordingly, MFC power output rarely exceeds a density of 0.30 milliwatts per square centimeter (mW/cm²). In an experiment, researchers added silver nanoparticles to carbon paper covering the anode in an MFC. The resulting power density was 0.66mW/cm² . Since metals such as silver exhibit high electrical conductivity, the researchers hypothesized that________.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires US federal agencies to assess environmental effects of potential actions, such as building highways. While many NEPA reviews require public comment, categorical exclusions (CEs) allow quick reviews with no public comment for actions that will minimally affect the environment. In 2020 the rule governing CEs was revised: before, CEs could be granted for actions that "do not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment," but the revised rule allowed CES if actions "normally do not have a significant effect on the human environment." Environmentalists found this revision to be potentially detrimental because ________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A student is writing an essay on the subject of cultured meat, which is grown in a laboratory and is intended to help reduce the number of livestock harvested for food. The student wants to make the case that cultured meat production may be useful in responding to an expected widespread change in the public's behavior.
Which quotation from a publication by a researcher would most effectively support the student's claim?

Born in Chile in 1917, artist and ethnomusicologist Violeta Parra was a pioneer in the rueva canción chilena (Chilean New Song) movement that emerged in the late 1950s and then spread throughout Latin America, Portugal, and Spain as nueva canción. Parra traveled all over chile compiling extensive records of authentic folk music as well as recipes, proverbs, and other facets of cultural history. These records formed the foundation for the early movement's revival of traditional Chilean folk forms in new songs that represented modern realities of the working class and strongly advocated for social change. As the movement spread beyond chile, the breadth of musical raditions incorporated into its foundation also expanded.

Which detail about songs associated with rueva cancion, if true, would best illustrate the underlined claim?

For its 2022 exhibition Guarding the Art, the Baltimore Museum of Art cast the security personnel typically responsible for safeguarding the institution's collections as the curators, whose individual selections from the museum's holdings culminated in a show amplifying a distinct perspective not typically given a formal platform.

Which quote from one of the personnel who curated the exhibition would best support the underlined claim?

Edinburgh, Scotland, has installed engineered structures along 89% of its shoreline to protect infrastructure from wave erosion and other hazards, a practice known as shoreline hardening. To evaluate the responses of waterbirds to two types of hardening structures---riprap and bulkheads---Diann Prosser et al. surveyed waterbird communities consisting of the osprey, the common tern, and 62 other species at different sites in the Chesapeake Bay on the US East Coast. Utilizing the Index of Waterbird Community Integrity (IWC1), on which a high score corresponds to high community integrity, the researchers found that bulkheads are more strongly negatively correlated with waterbird community integrity than is riprap.

Which finding, if true, would most directly illustrate the researchers' finding?

The following text is from Mick Herron's 2023 novel The Secret Howrs. The narrator is describing members of a government committee.

Finally, and adding much-needed gravitas, was Sir Winston Day, whose features seemed moulded to adorn a bust, or possibly a stamp, and whose forehead was so evidently bulging with grey matter that it would have been impertinent to inquire too closely into the actual achievements his half century of public service had produced. His recently published memoirs possibly cast light on this enigma, but given that such details were not provided until after the thirty-page mark, they might as well have remained state secrets.

2023 by Mick Herron

Based on the text, which choice best describes Sir Winston Day?

Mexican architect Luis Barragán's prolific career, which spanned the 1920s to the 1980s, evolved through distinct phases. After traveling to the United States and Europe in the early 1930s and immersing himself in a broader architectural discourse, Barragán began incorporating principles derived from functionalism and modernism in his work, as seen in the apartment building at 14 Parque Melchor Ocampo, whose unadorned geometric forms contrast with his earlier projects in Guadalajara, such as the Carmen Orozco House, which evince the aesthetics of traditional Mediterranean and Mexican styles.

Information in the text best supports which statement about the design of the Carmen Orozco House?

Text 1 is adapted from E.M. Forster's 1910 novel Howards End. Text 2 discusses Howards End. King's Cross and St. Pancras are adjacent railway terminals in London from which trains travel to the countryside.

Text 1

To Margaret the station of King's Cross had always suggested Infinity. Its very situation-withdrawn a little behind the facile splendours of St. Pancras---implied a comment on the materialism of life. Those two great arches, colourless, indifferent, shouldering between them an unlovely clock, were fit portals for some eternal adventure, whose issue might be prosperous, but would certainly not be expressed in the ordinary language of prosperity.

Text 2

The interplay between opposing ideological positions in Howards End is broadly articulated in the novel's organization of geographic space. On the one hand, the modern metropolis of London represents capitalism's emphasis on pragmatism and the accumulation of material wealth; on the other, the English countryside, accessible via King's Cross, fosters an idealism that values tradition, authentic personal connection, and the aesthetic---what the novel calls "the infinite."

Based on the texts, the author of Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement about King's Cross, as it is depicted in Text 1?

The following text is adapted from George Eliot's 1857 short story "The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton." Mr. Ely is a clergyman in the town of Milby.

By the laity of Milby and its neighbourhood [Mr. Ely] was regarded as a man of quite remarkable powers and learning, who must make a considerable sensation in london pulpits and drawing-rooms on his occasional visit to the metropolis; and by his brother clergy he was regarded as a discreet and agreeable fellow. Mr. Ely never got into a warm discussion; he suggested what might be thought, but rarely said what he thought himself; he never let either men or women see that he was laughing at them, and he never gave any one an opportunity of laughing at him.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Though John Crowley, author of Four Freedoms, is perhaps not as well known as the most widely read American writers of the past fifty years, influential figures have championed his work, including the poet James Merrill and the literary critic Harold Bloom. In his afterword to Crowley's book Little, Big, Bloom praises the novel's adroit blend of what playwright Friedrich Schiller termed the naive and sentimental modes---while Schiller thought works could be classified as either naive (seeking to describe reality) or sentimental (seeking to develop ideas), Little, Big demonstrates that a work can be both.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

During the 2007-2010 financial crisis, the United States furnished billions of dollars to selected countries' central banks via mechanisms called swap lines. Aditi Sahasrabuddhe found that countries' policy environments seem to have been _______ swap-line decisions: the probability that banks would be granted swap lines was 0.20 in countries open to foreign-capital inflows and 0.03 in countries with policies restricting such inflows.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

While modern composers may often get inspiration from past greats like Ludwig van Beethoven, the extent of their influences is broad. The music of Ernesto Lecuona, for example, can be said to _______ elements of both the classical European tradition and the social, political, and cultural landscape of his native Cuba.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Noting the correspondence of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa to his self-portrait in red chalk, artist Lillian Schwartz argued that the former is a self-portrait, too---that by mapping his own features onto those of its ostensible subject, Lisa del Giocondo, Leonardo depicted himself as a woman. Indeed, by subjecting both works to digital analysis, Schwartz ______ the two faces' structural resemblance.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

As with other river deltas, the Kolyma River delta is _____ ; it is a constantly evolving network of channels and strips of land that change in size and shape as the river deposits new sedimentary particles where the river meets the waters of the East Siberian Sea.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?