SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Chapter 63

2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included)

READING 1 · 26 questions

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

A research team investigates the influence of light exposure on the growth orientation of leaf pairs in three species of tropical plants: Amazonian Fern, Orchid Tree, and Crown Palm. The team hypothesizes that in plants exposed to uneven light, auxins (growth hormones) concentrate on the darker side of the plant, causing leaves in pairs to exhibit a same-side orientation (where both leaves bend toward the same direction). Conversely, they hypothesize that under even light conditions, the leaves will more often exhibit an opposite-side orientation (where leaves bend in opposite directions). To test their hypothesis, they analyzed leaf pair orientations for plants grown under even light and uneven light conditions.
Which choice best describes the data from the chart that supports the researchers' hypothesis?

AAcross all species, same-side orientation is consistently higher under uneven light compared to even light, which aligns with the hypothesis about auxin concentration.BFor the Crown Palm, the number of same-side orientations exceeds the number of opposite-side orientations under both even and uneven light, contradicting the hypothesis.CAlthough same-side orientations increase under uneven light, the Amazonian Fern shows no significant decrease in opposite-side orientations, which weakens the hypothesis.DUnder even light, all species exhibit more opposite-side orientations than same-side orientations, supporting the researchers' claim about even light conditions.

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

A software update is a set of modifications, additions, or improvements made to an existing software application. These updates can address various needs such as fixing bugs, enhancing performance, adding new features, improving security, and ensuring compatibility with other systems or devices. The company's new software update significantly improved the performance of its flagship product, resulting in faster processing times and a smoother user experience.________it received positive feedback from both industry experts and customers alike.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AIn contrast,
BAccordingly,
CMeanwhile,
DNevertheless,

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

A student is writing a research paper on the development of renewable energy sources in the United States. In the paper, the student argues that renewable energy has become increasingly important in the U.S. over the last few decades, especially in areas where traditional energy sources like coal and oil are less accessible.
Which quotation from a study on energy development in the U.S. best supports the student's argument?

A"Solar power has rapidly grown in popularity across the U.S., but it remains most viable in states with high levels of sunlight, such as Arizona and Nevada."
B"The introduction of wind turbines across the Midwest has reduced the region's dependence on coal, making renewable energy a more sustainable alternative for local communities."
C"While the use of oil continues to dominate the U.S. energy market, there is a growing movement toward cleaner energy sources like wind and solar power, especially in areas with limited fossil fuel reserves."
D"Hydroelectric power, though widely used in many regions of the U.S., faces significant environmental challenges that limit its future expansion."

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Although early American literature is remarkably diverse in style and perspective, it also exhibits a striking thematic________: scholars have identified recurring motifs that connect the works of authors like Washington Irving and Phillis Wheatley to the Puritan sermons and Native American oral traditions that preceded them.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Acontinuity
Bdisparity
Coriginality
Dbrevity

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Botanist Byron Lamont has long been fascinated by Hakea, a genus of plants endemic to Australia, and its ability to survive drought conditions. In his cross-sections of the plant, the tough outer leaves are shown to be nutrient-impoverished and dull.________the internal structure, which allows it to survive such harsh conditions, is painted to show symmetrical mosaics of vivid color.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AConversely,BUndoubtedly,CTherefore,DIn fact,

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Both Heidelberg, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, and Rothenburg ob der Tauber, in the state of Bavaria, are renowned for their historical architecture and have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in recognition of these_______rich history and cultural significance.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Acity's
Bcities'
Ccities
Dcity

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Claude Monet, a French Impressionist painter whose works revolutionized the use of light and color in landscapes,________frequently associated with the group of artists who gathered at the Café Guerbois in Paris, where they discussed new techniques and challenged traditional artistic norms.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Ahave been
Bwas
Cwere
Dis

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Coral reefs and fish communities depend upon each other. As environmental stressors cause damage to coral reefs, the fish colonies have declined, causing further degradation of coral. To repair the damaged coral reefs, scientists have sought to encourage the settlement of key fish species. Researchers tried to attract fish populations in degraded portions of the Great Barrier Reef by using underwater loudspeakers that broadcast the sounds of healthier reefs. Three sites were monitored: one with no speakers, another with speakers playing healthy reef sounds, and another with speakers that did not make any sounds. Among the varieties of monitored fish populations, the acoustic enrichment provided by the operative speakers was particularly effective at________.
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

Aencouraging settlement of invertivores, which appeared much more often on reefs when loudspeakers were present.Bencouraging settlement of piscivores and mixed diet fish, which both appeared more than twice as often as they did on reefs with no loudspeakers.Cdiscouraging settlement of herbivores and planktivores, which both appeared less often on reefs when loudspeakers were present.Ddiscouraging settlement of invertivores and piscivores, which appeared in the lowest numbers in the reef with acoustic enrichment.

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

In a recent study, biologists used models of whale vocal tracts to explain how certain whales can sing underwater without taking in water or expelling air. They discovered that the whales' vocal cords create vibration by rubbing against a particular part of the larynx, a process that________no air circulation to occur.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Ainterprets
Bregisters
Crequires
Ddepicts

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

In a scholarly analysis of the global smartphone market in 2020, researchers compiled data on the number of units sold for various smartphone brands. The table below presents worldwide sales figures. The student ascertains that the approximate sales data for Huawei's P40 Pro in 2020 was________.
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

A8 millions.B45 millions.C20 millions.D50 millions.

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

In recent years, companies have had to________the rapid changes in consumer preferences by innovating new products and refining existing ones in order to remain competitive in the market.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Aignore
Brespond to
Calign with
Ddepend on

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

In William Shakespeare's Macbeth, the title character begins the play as a loyal and honorable thane to King Duncan. However, after the witches prophecy that he will become king, Macbeth's ambition grows, and he starts to consider dark deeds to achieve his goal. As Macbeth's behavior shifts throughout the play, his view of murder also transforms. The following quotation most effectively illustrates this transformation:_________.
Which quotation from Macbeth most effectively illustrates the transformation in Macbeth's attitude toward murder?

A"I am settled, and bend up / Each corporal agent to this terrible feat. / Away, and mock the time with fairest show; / False face must hide what the false heart doth know."
B"If it were done when 'tis done, then 'twere well / It were done quickly: if the assassination / Could trammel up the consequence, and catch / With his surcease success; that but this blow / Might be the be-all and the end-all–here, / But here, upon this bank and shoal of time, / We'd jump the life to come."
C"I have no spur / To prick the sides of my intent, but only / Vaulting ambition, which o'er-leaps itself / And falls on the other–"
D"To know my deed, 'twere best not know myself. / [He draws his sword.] / [He strikes at Banquo's ghost.]"

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Included in the annual Art Expo, a prominent event in New York City, was the work of artist Maya Lin, whose sculptures________the delicate relationship between nature and human intervention. Her work is celebrated for its innovative use of space and its ability to provoke thought about environmental issues.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Aexplore-
Bexplores,
Cexplore:
Dexplores

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Julia found herself constantly checking her phone for updates, even during the few moments of peace she had between meetings. It was as though she couldn't help but stay connected to the stream of information, no matter how much she longed for a break from it all.
As used in the text, what does the word "constantly" most nearly mean?

AOccasionallyBReluctantlyCIncessantlyDUnintentionally

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Researchers Lisa Morris, James Patel, and colleagues compiled a dataset of energy efficiency techniques by reviewing several industry reports. They rated each report based on the traceability (with a higher rating for clearer descriptions of procedures) and the relevance of category consistency (with a higher rating for using materials categories more closely aligned with the categories in the teams database). Based on these ratings, a second research team concluded that the methodology was better explained in a report by Emily Harris and colleagues than in a report by John Stevens and colleagues.
Which finding, if true, would most directly challenge the second research team's conclusion?

AThe report by Emily Harris and colleagues had a lower relevance rating than the report by John Stevens and colleagues did.
BThe report by Emily Harris and colleagues had a lower clarity rating than the report by John Stevens and colleagues did.
CThe report by John Stevens and colleagues had a medium relevance rating and a low clarity rating.
DThe report by Emily Harris and colleagues had a high relevance rating and a medium clarity rating.

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Soybeans (Glycine max) have long been considered a pollinator-independent crop, because soybeans pollinate whether or not the flowers are visited by pollinating insects. Ecologist Hannah Levenson decided to challenge this assumption: she placed pollinator habitats (plants that provide nectar to bees and structures to create hives) alongside soybean farms in North Carolina. This allowed her to compare how the presence of insect pollinators impacts soybean yield. Levenson's results suggest that_________.
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the conclusion?

Apollinators neither impact the yield of soybean per acre nor the average weight of a soybean.Bpollinators dramatically impact the quality and quantity of soybeans.Cpollinators do not affect the number of soybeans per acre, but may increase the average weight of soybeans harvested.Dpollinators negatively affect the number of soybeans per acre, but may increase the average weight of soybeans harvested.

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

The ancient city of Carthage thrived as a center of commerce and innovation, offering goods such as fine pottery, glassware, and precious metals that________highly prized by neighboring civilizations.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Awas
Bwere
Cis
Dhas been

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

The fishermen of the coastal village of Kerala, India,________traditional fishing methods with modern technology; for example, the fishermen use motorized boats and GPS tracking to increase the efficiency and speed of fishing expeditions while applying ageold knowledge of tides, weathers patterns, and fish migratory patterns that have supported fishing success for centuries.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Abelittle
Bcontemplate
Cintegrate
Dreplace

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

The Inter-Parliamentary Union monitors the percentage of women elected to serve in national parliaments around the world in order to report on the gap between the number of men and women serving in politics. In Africa, the top five countries with the highest number of female politicians are Rwanda, South Africa, Senegal (which only has a lower chamber), Namibia and Ethiopia. In some cases, the percentage of women serving in parliaments was found to be especially prominent; for instance,________.
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?

Arelatively equal percentage of women served in the lower chambers of Rwanda, Senegal, Namibia, and Ethiopia.Bmost of the members of both chambers of parliament in Ethiopia are women.Capproximately equal percentages of women served in the upper and lower chambers in South Africa.Dmost of the people serving in the lower chamber of parliament in Rwanda are women.

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

The melting of polar ice caps due to global warming is contributing to rising sea levels, which threatens coastal communities around the world. As the ice caps melt, large volumes of water flow into the oceans, causing water levels to rise and increasing the risk of flooding in low-lying areas. This phenomenon is further exacerbated by the thermal expansion of water, which occurs as the Earth's temperature increases. Scientists are studying how these two factors—ice melt and thermal expansion—interact to understand the long-term impacts of climate change on coastal regions.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

AIt provides evidence that rising sea levels are caused by a single factor.BIt explains a natural process that contributes to rising sea levels.CIt suggests that the effects of global warming on sea levels are temporary.DIt compares the impact of melting ice caps to other environmental issues.

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

The Romance language family is a branch of the Indo-European language family that evolved from Vulgar Latin, the colloquial form of Latin spoken by the common people in the Roman Empire. The Romance language family includes major languages such as Spanish and Italian, which are spoken predominantly in Spain and Italy,________these languages have greatly influenced global culture and communication.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Arespectively.
Brespectively,
Crespectively;
Drespectively and

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
· The Louvre is an art museum located in Paris, France.
· It is home to thousands of works of art, including the famous painting, the Mona Lisa.
· The British Museum is located in London, England.
· It houses a vast collection of historical artifacts from different cultures, including the Rosetta Stone.
· Both museums are popular tourist destinations and have large, diverse collections.
The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two museums. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

AThe Louvre in Paris and the British Museum in London are both renowned museums with vast collections of art and historical artifacts.
BThe Louvre and the British Museum are located in different cities, but both attract millions of tourists each year.
CThe Louvre in Paris is home to famous art, while the British Museum in London is home to famous historical artifacts.
DThe Louvre and the British Museum both feature world-famous pieces like the Mona Lisa and the Rosetta Stone.

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
· The Great Wall of China is an ancient series of walls and fortifications.
· It was built over several dynasties, primarily to protect against invasions from nomadic tribes.
· The wall spans thousands of miles and includes watchtowers and signal stations.
· Construction techniques varied depending on the local materials available, such as tamped earth, wood, and bricks.
· Some parts of the wall are in mountainous regions, making them difficult to access.
The student wants to explain a defensive advantage of the Great Wall of China. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

AThe Great Wall of China is an ancient series of walls and fortifications built over several dynasties.
BThe wall's location in mountainous regions made parts of it difficult to access, providing a defensive advantage.
CThe construction of the Great Wall varied depending on the materials available in different regions.
DWatchtowers and signal stations along the Great Wall helped relay messages across thousands of miles.

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

Most amphibians seem to lack maternal instincts, but that does not seem to be true with the ringed caecilian, a subterranean, worm-like amphibian. A caecilian mother will care for its recently born offspring.________it will produce a nutritious substance from oviductal glands that has many of the same nutritious benefits as mammalian milk.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

ARegardless,
BIn contrast,
CAdditionally,
DDespite this,

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
· There are 118 elements on the periodic table.
· Six elements are classified as the alkaline earth metals.
· One of those elements is beryllium.
· Its chemical symbol is Be.
· Another of those elements is strontium.
· Its chemical symbol is Sr.
The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two elements. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

ABeryllium (Be) and strontium (Sr) are different elements.BAmong the 118 elements on the periodic table is strontium, which is an alkaline earth metal.
CBeryllium's chemical symbol is Be, while strontium's chemical symbol is Sr .DBoth beryllium and strontium are classified as alkaline earth metals

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Chapter 63 · 2024.12 : EU-A (analysis included) · READING 1

The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus, and this number is fixed for each element. For example, a sodium atom _______11 protons, making it the 11th element in the periodic table.

Which choice correctly completes the sentence?

Ahad
Bhas
Cwill have
Dhas had

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