SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

The National Heritage Fellowship was created to honor exceptional folk and traditional artists in the United States. One artist who received the fellowship is Navajo (Diné) basket weaver Mary Holiday Black. Black was chosen for her lifetime _____ the arts.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The Fly River delta is a remarkably________landscape: it is a constantly evolving network of channels and strips of land that change in size and shape as the river deposits new sedimentary particles where the river meets the waters of the Gulf of Papua.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is from Kenneth Grahame's 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows.The Mole is returning home after a visit to Mr.Badger's house.

As he hurried along, eagerly anticipating the moment when he would be at home again among the things he knew and liked, the Mole saw clearly that he was an animal of tilled field and hedge-row, linked to the ploughed furrow, the frequented pasture. the lane of evening lingering, the cultivated garden-plot.

As used in the text, what does the word "anticipating" most nearly mean?

The following text is from Maggie Pogue Johnson's 1910 poem "Poet of Our Race." In this poem, the speaker is addressing Paul Laurence
Dunbar, a Black author.
Thou, with stroke of mighty pen,
Hast told of joy and mirth,
And read the hearts and souls of men
As cradled from their birth.
The language of the flowers,
Thou hast read them all,
And e'en the little brook
Responded to thy call.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The following text is from Julia Alvarez's 2000 novel In the Name of Salomé. Salomé, a poet, is hosting guests in the front parlor of her family home, and Ramona is her sister. A salon is a social gathering for the exploration of intellectual ideas. It was evening when the two men got up to leave. Tia Ana had already come into the room several times to see if these guests had departed yet. The front parlor had always been her special province, as she used it for her little school. Now, every evening, it turned into Salomé's salon, as Ramona called it, and it was never in order for its transformation back to a classroom the following morning.

Based on the text, what most likely motivates Tia Ana's behavior during Salomé's salon?

A microgenre is a specialized genre consisting of a comparatively small number of stylistically similar artists. The microgenre of electronic music known as hyperpop emerged in the 2010s, with American singer Dorian Electra as an early exponent. Their combination of lush synthesizer arrangements and propulsive beats with vocals electronically shifted in pitch below their natural range exemplifies the hyperpop sound. More recently, Japanese-British recording artist Rina Sawayama has contributed to the microgenre by incorporating pop melodies into hyperpop songs.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Text 1

The island of Grande Terre split from the former supercontinent Gondwana around 80 million years ago, carrying Gondwanan species from a variety of clades with it. The island was periodically submerged until 37 million years ago, but some researchers suggest that its current biota includes species from clades predating the split that took refuge on islands near Grande Terre during submergence events and then returned.

Text 2

Thomas R.Buckley et al. found that the crown age---the age of the most recent common ancestor of all species in the clade (i.e., the clade's founder)---of Grande Terre's clade of stick insects is 41.1 million years, which is among the oldest clade crown ages of species inhabiting the island today. Nearly all of Grande Terre's living species belong to clades that originated much more recently: for example, the crown age of the island's clade of Goodeniaceae plants is 2.0 million years.

Based on the texts the author of Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement about the "Gondwananspecies" discussed in Text 1?

Text 1
According to a study by a conservation group representing 11 tribal nations in the Great Lakes region, the northern wild rice(manoomin in the Ojibwe language)will have significantly worse outcomes over the next 50 years if temperatures increase as much as some models suggest. By contrast, the white-tailed deer(waawaashkeshi in Ojibwe) should be able to withstand the highest predicted warming without much harm and so likely won't require the conservation efforts that the northern wild rice will.
Text 2
US government agencies involved in conservation are unfortunately not able to address every possible threat to natural resources. They must use the best information available to decide which species are most threatened and therefore most in need of conservation efforts.

Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree with which statement?

Cuttlefish and toads see in three dimensions (3D) by combining two images in their brains, one from each eye. This produces a sense of depth, helping the animals judge how close or far away an object is. Researchers have investigated 3D vision in praying mantises as well. In one study, Vivek Nityananda and his team fitted mantises' faces with two different color filters, one covering each eye, much like the filters in 3D glasses once worn at movies. By observing the mantises' reaction to projected images, the team confirmed that mantises do indeed have 3D vision, but it's unlike that of other animals.

Which choice best states the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

"A Pair of Silk Stockings" is an 1897 short story written by Kate Chopin. In the story, Mrs, Sommers attends a play, which she experiences as a temporary escape from the circumstances of her daily life:________

Which quotation from"A Pair of Silk Stockings" most effectively illustrates the claim?

Researchers Carolina Laura Morales and Anna Traveset gathered data about flowering plants growing alongside each other in various locations. In each case , the researchers identified one plant as a "target species " and a nearby plant as a "neighboring species." The researchers then calculated a value to show how the neighboring species affected pollinator visits to the target species. A negative effect value indicates that the neighboring species had a harmful effect on the target species. Based on the table, two neighboring species that had a harmful effect on target species are the________

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

Composition values may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

High-entropy alloys(HEAs) have been observed to have greater fracture toughness---greater resistance to crack propagation---than conventional alloys. It has been proposed that fracture toughness increases with the proportion of an HEA consisting of cobalt, but data on HEAs compiled by engineer Xuesong Fan show that this is not the case; for example,________

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

The human body has three types of muscle _____ cardiac, and skeletal. The levator anguli oris is a skeletal muscle---of which the body contains more than six hundred---and it helps with raising the corners of the mouth.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Hypothesizing that lullabies, characterized by their slow tempos, are universally calming to infants, Constance M.Bainbridge and colleagues played a lullaby sung in the Western Nahuatl language and a non lullaby sung in the Serbian language to a group of infants. The team found that the infants' heart rates and pupil size both decreased more during the lullaby than during the non-lullaby. Since a decrease in heart rate is associated with relaxation, the team concluded that the lullaby relaxed the infants. However, noting that reduced heart rate can also be associated with increased attention, one critic argues that instead, the lullaby simply attracted the infants' attention.

Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the critic's claim?

Alabama resident Benjamin S.Turner, sworn in as a member of the US House of Representatives in 1871, was one of the nearly two thousand African ________ during the decade following the Civil War.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The programming languages COBOL, developed by Grace Hopper in________developed by Rich Hickey in 2007, are all routinely translated into executable code by tools known as compilers.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The olona shrub is one of many forest plant species native to Oahu(a Hawaiian island) that are at risk of extinction. The survival of most of these species in the wild largely depends on birds eating their fruits and then dropping the seeds in different locations. Although Oahu's native fruit-eating birds have all gone extinct, the common waxbill and other fruit-eating bird species have been brought to the island and are now common there. Studies confirm that these non-native birds are spreading plant seeds on Oahu, suggesting that the birds________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Though Middle English was widely spoken in fourteenth-century England, the English language was rarely employed in literature until poet Geoffrey Chaucer pioneered its literary use. ________his manuscripts contain the first documented uses of over 2,000 English words---like the word "digestion" in his 1395 poem The Squire's Tale"---which led a contemporary to dub him "the first finder of our fair language."

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Visually distinguishing the common raven (Corvus corax) from the Chihuahuan raven (Corvus cryptoleucus) can confound even seasoned bird watchers.________the two species share similarities that---a times---make the birds appear virtually identical. Size, though, remains a differentiating feature: the common raven tends to be larger.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In documents called judicial opinions, judges explain the reasoning behind their legal rulings, and in those explanations they sometimes cite and discuss historical and contemporary philosophers. Legal scholar and philosopher Anita L. Allen argues that while judges are naturally inclined to mention philosophers whose views align with their own positions, the strongest judicial opinions consider and rebut potential objections; discussing philosophers whose views conflict with judges' views could therefore _______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Proto-Kru is a protolanguage, or a hypothesized ancestral language, of all the Kru languages (thirty-eight languages that, because________descendants of Proto-Kru, can provide information about the protolanguage's structure).

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In skateboarding, the 900---a trick in which the skateboarder spins two and a halftimes in midair---is so rare that every successful execution of it is a historic occasion.________ever since Mitchie Bruscoand Tas Pappas performed their 900s (in 2011 and 2014, respectively), fans have revered them as titans of the sport.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic,a student has taken the following notes:

· Lighthouses send out crucial light signals to help ships and other watercraft navigate at night.

· Before automation,lighthouses were run by lighthouse keepers.

· Kate Walker was the lighthouse keeper at Robbins Reef Light in New York

· She held this position from 1894 to 1919.

· Georgiana C.Brumfield was the lighthouse keeper at Turkey Point Light in Maryland.

· She held this position from 1895 to 1919.

The student wants to emphasize a similarity between Kate Walker and Georgiana C. Brumfield. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic,a student has taken the following notes:

· Mauritania is a country in North Africa.

· A high percentage of Mauritania's population(39.9 percent)is under fifteen years old.

· It has the thirty-fourth-largest under-fifteen population in the world.

· Roughly 40 percent of Africa's population is under fifteen years old---the highest of any continent.

· According to the United Nations (UN), Africa's "high number of young people is an opportunity for the continent's growth---but only if these new generations are fully empowered to realise their best potential."

The student wants to emphasize the global rank of Mauritania's youth population. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic,a student has taken the following notes:

· Elizabeth Catlett (1915-2012)was a celebrated African American artist.

· She is best known for creating sculptures and prints that explore the Black experience.

· Mahalia is a 2002 sculpture by Catlett.

· Paulina is a 2009 print by Catlett.

The srudent wants to provide an example of one of Catlett's sculptures. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

· The University of Oslo in Oslo,Norway, is home to a Foucault pendulum.

· The pendulum consists of a weighted ball that swings at the end of a roughly 14-meter-long cable.

· Like all Foucault pendulums, it dangles from a fixed point that ensures the swing path of the pendulum doesn't change.

· To an observer, the swing path of a Foucault pendulum appears to changeover time because Earth rotates beneath it.

· Foucault pendulums are used as a simple way to provide evidence of Earth's rotation.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to specify the length of the Foucault pendulum's cable?