SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Chapter 78

2024.11 : A-B(analysis included)

READING 1 · 27 questions

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Text corpora such as the Bank of English are enormous collections of electronically stored texts that can be used for empirical testing of hypotheses regarding the frequency of typical word usage. For example, a linguist who assumes that the word "own" appears quite often in written English could________that assumption with data from a corpus: "own" is the eighth most commonly used adjective.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Avalidate
Brefute
Ctranspose
Dentail

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Maryam Hosseini and her team used aerial images of well-mapped areas of Boston to train a computer program to identify sidewalks. When it was tested on images of Washington, DC, it ________ identified sidewalks in the vast majority of cases and even whether sidewalks were cobblestone or granite. Hosseini believes the program will improve on this already strong performance as it gets used more.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise wort or phrase?

Ararely
Breliably
Cslowly
Dclumsily

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

The Orinoco River delta is a constantly changing landform made up of a network of distributions, small channels that branch off from the main river. The delta is shaped and reshaped over time as sediments carried by the river________where the river meets the Caribbean Sea,eventually forming new portions of land.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Adissolve
Baccelerate
Cthrive
Daccumulate

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Driven to sell as many paintings as possible, Alfred Hair, an influential figure among the landscape artists known as the Florida Highwaymen, pioneered "fast painting," a technique (which in part involved slashing in elements with a palette knife) that many Highwaymen, including James Gibson, adopted. To conclude that this approach accounts for the ethereal qualities now synonymous with the Highwaymen aesthetic is tempting but inaccurate as Hair's methods weren't universally practiced by his affiliates: Harold Newton, for example, painted with greater deliberateness but achieved the same effects.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

AIt explains how an artist mentioned earlier in the text developed a distinctive style by adapting a particular approach to painting originated by his colleagues.
BIt considers and rebuts an interpretation of the effect of a painting technique mentioned earlier in the text on the perception of work by a group of artiste.
CIt establishes a contrast between the aesthetic qualities of words by artists who were central to a movement introduced earlier in the text and those of an artist who was more peripheral to that movement.
DIt details evidence that contradicts a claim mentioned earlier in the text about a long-standing disagreement within a group of artists.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Known for the albums E.S.P. and 'Round About Midnight, jazz trumpeter Miles Davis collaborated several times with pianist Gil Evans. Their 1958 adaptation of George Gershwin's opera Porgy and Bess bears little resemblance to the 1935 original. Davis and Evans felt no desire to please listeners expecting an exact duplication of the opera. They omitted parts, such as the aria "I Got Plenty of Nuthin'," and sometimes made only brief gestures toward Gershwin's melodies. But Davis and Evans's willingness to recompose Gershwin's work led to one of the most enduring albums in Davis's catalog.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

ATo summarize the history of a long collaboration between two artists.
BTo describe how two artists transformed another artist's work.
CTo explain why works of art most likely to be praised by critics are those that defy tradition.
DTo present reasons why one work of art should be considered superior to another.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

The minor planet 713 Luscinia was named after the animal genus that includes nightingales. But most minor planets are given only an identification number, largely due to there being over 500,000 such bodies known at present. So while the task of finding a unique name for each minor planet was________when few had been discovered, so many minor planets have since been discovered that the task has become nearly impossible.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Aambiguous
Bfeasible
Csubstantial
Dinsurmountable

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

The following text is adapted from Pam Munoz Ryan's 2020 novel Mañanaland. In the village where Max lives, there is an old fortress called La Reina. Children in the village say that the fortress is haunted.
For as long as he could remember, Max had begged Papá [his father] to take him to see La Reina and the ruins up close. He'd be a hero among his friends if he was the first boy to cross the haunted gates! Just because Papa didn't believe in ghosts didn't mean they weren't there.
Maybe this summer Papa would finally take him. He was almost twelve.
Which choice best describes the overall purpose of the text?

ATo explain why Max doesn't want to grow up yet.
BTo portray how proud Max's father is of Max.
CTo show how much Max wants to visit La Reina.
DTo criticize Max for disliking summer.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

The following text is from Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1830 short story "Sir William Phips."
The knowledge, communicated by the historian and biographer, is analogous to that which we acquire of a country by the map--minute, perhaps, and accurate, and available for all necessary purposes, but cold and naked, and wholly destitute of the mimic charm produced by landscape painting. These defects are partly remediable, and even without an absolute violation of literal truth, although by methods rightfully interdicted to professors of biographical exactness.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

AWriters of fiction possess storytelling skills that historians do not.
BThe more famous a person is, the more likely that person is to attract the attention of a historian.
CMaps are more practical to own than paintings.
DHistorians' fidelity to the truth often results in work that is less engaging than it could be.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

In a study by Mika R. Moran, Daniel A. Rodriguez, and colleagues,residents of Bogotá, Colombia, and Fortaleza, Brazil, were surveyed about parks in their cities, of the 1,121 respondents from Bogota,71.9% indicated that they use the city's parks, and of the 938 respondents from Fortaleza; 35.7% indicated using city parks, Given that the percentage of Bogotá respondents who reported living within a 10-minute walk of a park was much lower than that reported by Fortaleza respondents, greater proximity alone can't explain the difference in park use.
The text makes which point about the difference between the proportions of Bogota residents and Fortaleza residents using parks?

AIt is caused by something other than the parks' proximity to city residents.
BIt was calculated using sources that predate the survey.
CIt was much larger than the researchers conducting the study expected.
DIt could be due to inaccuracies in the survey results.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Spanning the 1920s to the 1980s, Mexican architect Luis Barragan's prolific career evolved through distinct phases. After traveling to the United States and Europe in the early 1930s and immersing himself in an international architectural discourse, Barragán began incorporating principles derived from functionalism and modernism in his work, as seen in the apartment building for Jose Mojica, whose unadorned geometric forms contrast with the historically inspired architecture found in the Harper de Garibi House, one of Barragan's early projects in Guadalajara.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

ABarragan's designs of the apartment building for Jose Mojica and the Harper de Garibi House are considered paragons of a functionalist and modernist aesthetic.
BA notable shift in Barragan's design aesthetic reflects the influence of his time abroad.
CBarragan's design of the Harper de Gartbi House is considered more experimental than his design for the apartment building for jase Mojica.
DBarragan's early work shows an initial dedication to a modernist aesthetic that he later abandoned.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Poems of Experience is a 1910 collection of poetry by Ella Wheeler Wilcox. In one of her poems, the speaker indicates that several beneficial opportunities have recently become available to women,saying________
Which quotation from Poems of Experience most effectively illustrates the claim?

A"For worlds to conquer [woman] had not yearned, / Till [man] spoke of her feminine sphere as 'narrow." (from "Woman")
BTrade and science and craft and art, / Have opened their doors to the call of woman; / And greater she grows in her greater part, / More tenderly wise, and more sweetly human." (from "Woman")
C"[Woman] grasped the scope of the First Intent/ That made her kingdom for her, no other." (from "Woman")
DTime has cut his beard, and Io!/He is but a boy./ Singing, on with him we go./ Ah! But life is joy." (from "The Voices of the City")

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Scientists recently tested whether scorpion venom reduces the growth of bacteria. The scientists put bacteria in petri dishes with two chambers. They treated the bacteria in one chamber with a saline solution, which does not affect the bacteria. They treated bacteria in the other chamber with scorpion venom. After 14 hours, they counted how many colony forming units (CFUs) of bacteria were in each chamber. According to the table, for petri dish number 6, how many CFUs of bacteria were found in the chamber with the venom-treated bacteria?

A153
B977
C55
D103

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

In 2018, scientists discovered an immense aggregation of Muusoctopus robustus (pearl octopuses) along a hydrothermal vent 3,200 meters beneath the ocean's surface. Water temperatures at this site---named the Octopus Garden---climb as high as 11℃, much warmer than the ambient 1.6℃ typical at this depth. Based on observations made over three years,
scientists concluded that temperatures at the site likely confer reproductive benefits and that the site is used exclusively for reproduction---6,000 M. robustus adults, hatchlings, and eggs were observed at the garden, but no juveniles were present.

Which statement about M. robustus and the Octopus Garden is best supported by the following texts?

AThe M. robustus population at the Octopus Garden remains stable despite variations in water temperature.BThe Octopus Garden provides an ideal feeding ground for M. robustus hatchlings.CM. robustus nests in the Octopus Garden contain on average fewer but larger eggs than nests at similar ocean depths.DM. robustus leave the Octopus Garden upon reaching an intermediary stage of development.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

In 2021, Rocio Uria-Martinez, Megan M. Johnson, and Rub Shan published a report on hydroelectric power plants operating on bodies of water in the US as recently as 2019, and data from their report are shown in the table. Of the plants in the table, the plant with the highest average power generated per year in 2019 was located on the________
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the assertion?

AAndroscoggin River.
BHiwassee River.
CSpearfish Creek.

DMontreal River.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Inspired by her Pomo heritage, artist Susan Billy typically uses willow-a strong and flexible ________ craft baskets that are both beautiful and elaborate.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Amaterial. To
Bmaterial: to
Cmaterial; to
Dmaterial-to

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

The 1970 founding of the Partido Nacional de La Raza Unida and the 1966 Katzenbach v. Morgan court decision are regarded as important events in US civil rights_________former establishing a Latino rights advocacy group and the latter legally affirming the rights of Latino voters.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Ahistory, as the
Bhistory. The
Chistory the
Dhistory, the

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Archaeologist Christina Kohler and her team excavated the Egyptian tomb of Queen Merneith, the wife of a First Dynasty pharaoh. Some scholars claim that she also ruled Egypt on her own and was actually the first female pharaoh. The team found a tablet in Merneith's tomb with writing suggesting that she was in charge of the country's treasury and other central offices. Whether Merneith was a pharaoh or not, this discovery supports the idea that Merneith likely________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Alived after rather than before the First Dynasty of Egypt.

Bcreated a new form of writing in Egypt.
Chad an important role in Egypt's government.
Dtraveled beyond Egypt's borders often.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

In the periodic table, an element's atomic number indicates how many protons there are in an atom of the element. For example, a zinc atom________30 protons. Professor Raymond Chang explains this concept in more detail in the textbook Chemistry.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Ahas had
Bhad

Cis having
Dhas

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

The historian's books about Zachary Taylor________what she is best known for, but she is also well regarded for her scholarship on James Monroe.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Aare
Bwas

Chas been
Dis

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Soil polluted with cadmium (a heavy metal) is harmful to many plants and animals, but the plant species Typha latifolia, or broadleaf cattail, not only thrives in such conditions but also helps remediate them. As a metal hyperaccumulator, Typha latifolia absorbs a large amount of cadmium and stores it safely in its roots and shoots;_________cadmium concentrations in the soil decrease.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Aspecifically,
Bin turn,
Cin addition,
Dnevertheless,

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

When printing paper money for the colony of Pennsylvania in the 1730s, Benjamin Franklin---then a Philadelphia shop owner---took steps to combat the circulation of counterfeit notes, such as weaving blue threads and muscovite (a reflective mineral) into the paper he used.________he stamped the notes with detailed imprints of sage leaves that proved difficult for forgers to replicate.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AThat said,
BSpecifically,
CFor example
DMoreover

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

A government body officially known as the Althing,________

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

AIceland's parliament is one of the oldest in the world, first meeting in 930 CE.
Bthe world's oldest parliaments include one which first met in 930 CE,Iceland's.
C930 CE was the year when Iceland's parliament, one of the oldest parliaments in the world, first met.
Dthe first meeting of one of the oldest parliaments in the world,Iceland's, was in 930 CE.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

Disyllabic words______as trochees in English metrical verse,such as "beverage" and "postal," consist of one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Acan be classified
Bclassified
Care classified
Dhave been classified

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

· The A.M. Turing Award is a prestigious award given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).

· The ACM gives the award for "major contributions of lasting importance to computing."

· Judea Pearl won the award in 2011 for developing a calculus for probabilistic reasoning.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to emphasize when Judea Pearl won the A.M. Turing Award?

AJudea Pearl is one winner of the A.M. Turing Award.
BIt was in 2011 that Judea Pearl won the A.M. Turing Award.CThe prestigious A.M. Turing Award is given for "major contributions of lasting importance to computing."DFor developing a calculus for probabilistic reasoning, Judea Pearl won the A.M. Turing Award.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· The Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is a protected natural area in Hawaii.

· It encompasses 61 acres.

· It was established to safeguard the habitat of the Hawaiian stilt, an endangered species.

· The Pearl Harbor NWR is managed by the US Fish & Wildlife Service.

· The US Fish & Wildlife Service limits human activities in the area.

The student wants to indicate the size of the Pearl Harbor NWR. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

AA protected natural area, the Pearl Harbor NWR encompasses 61 acres of land in Hawaii.BThe Pearl Harbor NWR is a protected natural area managed by the US Fish & Wildlife Service, which limits human activities there.CThe Pearl Harbor NWR is a natural area in Hawaii, home to the Hawailian stilt.DHome to the Hawaiian stilt, Hawail's Pearl Harbor NWR is managed by the US Fish & Wildlife Service.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· A.supercontinent is a single landmass made up of most or all of Earth's continents.

· Over time, continents merge together to form supercontinents, which then break apart.

· This process is believed to take hundreds of millions of years and is known as the supercontinent cycle.

· Vaalbara was a supercontinent that formed about 3.6 billion years ago.

· Euramerica was a supercontinent that formed about 300 million years ago.

The student wants to emphasize the order in which the supercontinents were formed. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

AForming and breaking apart over hundreds of millions of years,supercontinents are made up of most or all of Earth's continents.BThe supercontinent Euramerica formed long after the supercontinent Vaalbara.CVaalbara formed about 3.6 billion years ago but eventually broke apart.DVaalbara and Euramerica were both supercontinents, single landmasses made up of most or all of Earth's continents.

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Chapter 78 · 2024.11 : A-B(analysis included) · READING 1

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· The human tongue contains taste receptors for a rich, savory flavor called umami.

· Umami is triggered by the compounds in a variety of foods, including tuna and garlic.

· Participants in a study tasted a sample of North Pacific konbu, a type of brown seaweed.

· They rated its umami intensity as moderate.

· The participants tasted a sample of arame, another type of brown seaweed.

· They rated its umami intensity as high.

The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two seaweeds.Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

ANorth Pacific konbu is a type of brown seaweed, but so is arame.BWhile North Pacific konbu and arame contain umami flavor, umami can also be found in tuna and garlic.CAlthough North Pacific konbu and arame are types of brown seaweed, the latter's umami flavor is more intense.DSome types of brown seaweed, like North Pacific konbu and arame,trigger umami flavor in human taste buds.

READING 1 · 27 questions

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