SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Possessing an outstanding collection of public art, Chicago has everything from monumental sculptures like Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate at sites like Millennium Park to innovative street art like Amuse 126's mural High Tide located on South State Street. The _____ public art on display in the city can thus satisfy any art lover.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

As with other river deltas, the Danube River delta is _____: it is a constantly evolving network of channels and strips of land that change in size and shape as the river deposits new sedimentary particles where the river meets the waters of the Black Sea.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Folk and traditional art can take a wide variety of forms, including arts as ______ one another as storytelling and quilting. The National Heritage Fellowship was created to honor people for their accomplishments in these diverse arts and includes among its winners the gospel singer Willie Mae Ford Smith.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The Federalist Papers are a collection of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison. They were published pseudonymously in the New York Packet and other New York newspapers in 1787-88 and argue that New Yorkers should vote to ratify the proposed United States Constitution. Though the authorship of most of the individual essays is certain, that of a few is in question: for instance, while No. 6, "Concerning Dangers from Dissensions between the States," was surely penned by Hamilton, No. 62, "The Senate," may have been written by either Hamilton or Madison.

 

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

The following text is adapted from Jerome K. Jerome's 1889 novel

Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog). The narrator is traveling by boat with Harris and another friend. [Harris] told us anecdotes of how he had gone across the [English] Channel when it was so rough that the passengers had to be tied into their [beds], and he and the captain were the only two living souls on board who were not ill. Sometimes it was he and the second mate who were not ill; but it was generally he and one other man. If not he and another man, then it was he by himself.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A survey found that in April 2022, 7.6 percent of subscribers to fashion and apparel services canceled their subscriptions. Reducing this kind of subscriber turnover is especially challenging for subscription sellers: customers' initial enthusiasm for a subscription is often quick to _____ , and sellers must thus devise other incentives to bolster retention.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

"Tomato" is an example of a loanword---that is, a word that originated in one language and was later adopted by another. The word came to English indirectly from tomate, the Spanish word for the widely cultivated plant. Spanish had borrowed it from Nahuatl, an Indigenous language of Central Mexico, in which the word's original form is tomatl. "Maize" is also Indigenous in origin and entered English through Spanish. But in this case, the original source was Taino, a language of the Caribbean islands, in which the word for the corn plant is mahis.

The author makes which point about the Spanish language?

Community science, which involves professional scientists
collaborating with amateur science enthusiasts to study a topic, is
often an effective and engaging way to conduct research. It can allow
people to assist with conservation efforts, provide youth with learning
experiences outside of the classroom, and increase the amount of data
researchers can collect. This approach was essential to the success of a
study by biologist Grace Herzel and colleagues of butterfly color and
its relation to behavior, which included findings from hundreds of
students and community members in northwestern Arkansas.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

The Vizcaya is just one of approximately three million known historical shipwrecks spread throughout the world's oceans, and their impact on sea life and underwater ecosystems is of great interest to researchers. Rachel Mugge and colleagues were particularly curious about the effects of wooden shipwrecks on seafloor microbial communities. The researchers studied two wooden shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico by placing pieces of pine and oak between zero and 200 meters away from each shipwreck to collect samples of three kinds of microbes: bacteria, archaea, and fungi. They found that across the three microbial communities, peak diversity and richness was observed on pine and oak samples placed approximately 125 meters from the shipwrecks.

 

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Researchers have noted that people with clinically typical hearing perceive sounds they believe to be meaningful as quieter than sounds of the same volume that they believe to be noise (i.e., meaningless to the listener). In a recent study, Antonia Olivia Dolan and colleagues allowed participants to listen to (and adjust the volume of) recordings of music in popular genres like heavy metal and acoustic folk, as well as recordings of nature sounds. The researchers noted that participants may have treated the nature sounds as noise, which suggests that if a participant was exposed to Metallica's "Sad but True" and the nature sounds at a volume of 61.5 decibels, the participant likely would have_______

 

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Evan MacLean and colleagues evaluated behavioral and genetic data from over 14,000 dogs, representing more than 100 breeds, and found that variations in behavior between breeds can be attributed to genetic variations between those breeds, suggesting a genetic basis for breed differences in behavior. This was the case for both separation problems and dog rivalry but was especially pronounced for attachment and attention-seeking, which can be seen when a dog solicits affection or attention. In a different study, researchers found that, with regard to attachment and attention-seeking, the French bulldog behaves in notably different ways than the cairn terrier. Together, these findings imply that _____

 

Which choice most logically completes the text?

The jade hawkmoth, a large-bodied moth, defends itself against the eastern red bat and other insect-eating bats, which use echolocation to hunt, by emitting ultrasonic clicks that can, for instance, disrupt the bats' echolocation signals. To investigate moths' defensive ultrasound-which researchers had thought was exclusive to tiger moths, hawkmoths, and one species of geometer moths-Akito Y. Kawahara et al. recorded the responses of moths from 252 genera, representing most families of large-bodied moths, to audio playback of bat echolocation. The researchers found that 52 of the genera, including several genera belonging to the geometer family, produced defensive ultrasonic clicks. This result suggests that _____

Which choice most logically completes the text?

The towns of _____ Ayem, and Jamame are all located almost directly on the equator. However, they are each in different countries: Kenya, Gabon, and Somalia, respectively.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

 

To measure whether countries in free trade agreements (FTAs)-agreements among nations to reduce tariffs, duties, and other trade barriers-experience changes in total agricultural exports, economist Kayode Ajewole and colleagues calculated average export growth rates for several countries over the five years before and the five years after entering an FTA with the United States. The graph shows the results for three countries in the study. Consulting the graph, a student claims that joining an FTA increases the rate of growth of a country's total agricultural exports.

Which choice best describes data from the graph that weaken the student's claim?

 

Auxins are a class of hormones that influence plant growth, including leaf orientation (the tendency of leaves to be larger on one side of their long central axis than the other). University of California, Berkeley biologist Ciera Martinez and colleagues noted that in certain plants in which leaves grow in pairs, auxins will typically be concentrated in opposite sides of each leaf in the pair (e.g., on the left side of one leaf in the pair and the right side of the other). Accordingly, they hypothesized that paired leaves should tend to show opposite-side orientation, and they tested their hypothesis by examining paired leaves from several species of grapevines.

Which choice best describes data from the graph that support Martinez and colleagues' hypothesis?

Nicolay de Caveri, the Genoese geographer responsible for creating a sixteenth-century world map, and Flemish_______known for showing the world in a cordiform projection, are both remembered for their contributions to the history of mapmaking during the early modern period.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

On February 1, 2018, a Florida-based research team-Martha A. Scholl, Maoya Bassiouni, and Angel J. Torres-Sánchez-compiled climate data from several sites in Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. At 3:00 p.m., the air temperature was at site CC1, the site with the highest _____ it had shifted to by p.m.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In the periodic table, an element's atomic number indicates how many protons there are in an atom of the element. For example, a helium atom _____ 2 protons. Professor Raymond Chang explains this concept in more detail in the textbook Chemistry.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Directed by the Mohawk filmmaker Tracey Deer, the feature-length drama Beans is one of many films by Indigenous women ________ featured in film festivals in recent years.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

When it was completed in 1889, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, was criticized-even protested-for the novelty of its unique spire-like silhouette. _____ the design is commonplace, found in everything from Eiffel Tower replicas like the one in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to structures like the Copenhagen Zoo Tower in Copenhagen, Denmark.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Two of the most celebrated examples of visual allegory in painting, The Four Elements: Air by Joachim Beuckelaer and Ceres (Summer) by Antoine Watteau, were completed in 1570 and _____ such allegorical artwork was particularly popular from the 15th through the late 18 th centuries.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A blend of gabardine and wool, the material for Elvis Presley's Peacock jumpsuit was flexible enough to allow the singer to perform his signature dance moves. _____ the added weight of the suit's embroidered feathers in shades of blue and green likely limited Elvis's mobility to some degree.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Scientists studying asteroid deflection have focused on secondary objects such as (311066), a moonlet orbiting the near-Earth asteroid 2004 DC. In 2022 NASA intentionally crashed a probe into just such an object, successfully altering its orbit. Scientists have yet to demonstrate,________that 2004 DC and other primary objects would be similarly affected.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

• Lighthouses send out crucial light signals to help ships and other watercraft navigate at night.

• Before automation, lighthouses were run by lighthouse keepers.

• Elizabeth Lusby was the lighthouse keeper at Turkey Point Light in Maryland.

• She held this position from 1844 to 1862.

• Thelma Austin was the lighthouse keeper at Point Fermin Light in California.

• She held this position from 1925 to 1941.

The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two lighthouse keepers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

• The Simon Kenton Trail is a rail trail.

• It is located in Ohio.

• The Papermill Trail is a rail trail.

• It is located in Maine.

• Rail trails are former railroad corridors that have been converted into public paths.

The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the Simon Kenton Trail and the Papermill Trail. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

• Most of the plant and bird species in Oahu, Hawaii, are non-native.

• In a 2019 study, researchers wanted to know what role non-native birds play in dispersing plant seeds in Oahu.

• Researchers catalogued plant seeds found in fecal samples from non-native birds.

• Touchardia latifolia, a flowering shrub, was one of fifteen native species catalogued.

• Hedychium gardnerianum, an herbaceous vine, was one of twenty-nine non-native species catalogued.

• Researchers concluded that non-native birds play a vital role in dispersing the seeds of native and non-native plants.

The student wants to contrast the two plants. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?