SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Some social scientists say that while an emphasis on preserving civil liberties is key to democracy. public understanding of history is also central to public comprehension of state politics, and if a citizenry is to function, historical issues cannot remain the domain only of experts. In short, knowledge of history is not_______and must not be left to historians alone.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Cybersecurity experts often encourage users to create passwords that are fairly complicated and therefore difficult to guess. Nonetheless, research has shown that the more _____ approach to password selection seems to favor convenience over security: for example, the eighth most commonly used password in 2019 was the easily remembered "Iloveyou."

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The Indian antelope can run very fast-up to 80 kilometers per hour  ()-but it is significantly slower than the peregrine falcon, which can fly at speeds up to  . The difference between these speeds is largely _____ of the fact that the features that make flight possible do less to limit top speeds than the features suitable for running on land.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is from Virginia Woolf's 1919 novel Night and Day. The narrator describes a gathering of artists and intellectuals.

 

One person after another rose, and, as with an ill-balanced axe, attempted to hew out his conception of art a little more clearly, and sat down with the feeling that, for some reason which he could not grasp, his strokes had gone awry. As they sat down they turned almost invariably to the person sitting next them, and rectified and continued what they had just said in public.

The text makes which point about the people at the gathering?

The utilization of deceptive antipredator displays is well documented in the little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius) and other species of the avian order Charadriformes. An extensive literature review conducted by Lena de Framond et al. revealed that this trait has evolved across a surprisingly large phylogenetic distribution of 13 Aves orders, including Caprimulgiformes and Gruiformes. Subsequent investigation of potential selection mechanisms prompted the researchers to conclude that independent of avian order, the prevalence of the trait is mediated by environmental variations associated with the absolute latitude of brooding sites.

 

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the researchers' conclusion?

The fossil remains of the individual known as Denisova 8, discovered in Russia in 2010, can help paleoanthropologists not only _____ steps in the evolution of hominids but also illuminate the Pleistocene epoch generally, revealing important details about the time in which Denisova 8 lived.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Zurich has high pedestrian traffic, but simply replicating a feature of Zurich associated with walkability-e.g., its high number of street crossings-may be insufficient to induce increased walking in other cities. As urbanist Mariela Alfonzo argues, our understanding of individuals' decision-making about whether to walk is insufficiently robust: some studies emphasize the role of demographic characteristics, others the role of neighborhood type, and so on, but walking decisions are made in complex contexts in which multiple conditions and needs inform individuals' choices.

 

Which choice best describes the function of the references to "demographic characteristics" and "neighborhood type" in the text as a whole?

Nicolas Dussex and colleagues relied on historical DNA (hDNA)-genomic data incidentally preserved in specimens housed in natural history collections-to investigate the evolutionary trajectory of the kakapo parrot (Strigops habroptilus). Although this approach offers unique benefits, such as the ability to sample genomic material from extinct species, it remains relatively underutilized because archival specimens are sometimes stored in ways that compromise DNA quality, a situation not easily remediable under current methodological paradigms and with extant DNA extraction and analysis technologies.

What does the text most strongly suggest about specimens from natural history collections?

Scholars cite One Hundred Years of Solitude, the 1967 novel by Colombian author Gabriel Garcia Márquez, as a foundational text of magical realism, the Latin American style of fiction in which antirealistic plot devices—often borrowed from the folkloric traditions of Indigenous and colonial societies in the Americas—are deployed in an otherwise realistic mode of representation typical of the modern novel. This style has exerted a decisive influence on authors around the world, including Olga Tokarczuk, whose 1996 novel Primeval and Other Times resembles classic magical realist novels in its juxtaposition of literary realism with folklore-namely, that of Poland.

 

Which quotation from a literary scholar would most directly support the claim in the underlined portion of the text?

Text 1
In parts of Australia, the feral cat is a major predator of the ash-grey mouse. Researcher Danielle A. Risbey and colleagues found that when this predation pressure on ash-grey mice was temporarily reduced, their numbers significantly increased. This finding illustrates a foundational ecological principle: predators control prey population numbers.

 

Text 2
Michel Crète and Helène Jolicoeur found that excluding wolves from a site in Quebec, Canada, where they typically prey on moose had no significant effect on moose abundance. Many other predation relief studies show an increase in prey abundance, but those studies often focus on small, rapidly reproducing prey, like birds, mice, and rabbits, rather than large, slowly reproducing prey, like moose, which could account for the difference between those results and Crête and Jolicoeur's results.

Based on the texts, the author of Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement about Risbey and colleagues' findings (Text 1)?

The Clarion-Clipperton Zone ( CCZ ) is an expanse of abyssal plain and seamounts (undenvater mountains) between Hawait and Mexico in which mining is permitted, but the area's biodiversity is poorly understood. The vast majority of invertebrate species found in a recent survey of the CCZ were hitherto unknown to scientists, and sampling for animal life has been highly concentrated in the eastern part of the zone. Some species like Ledella knudseni were identified both morphologically and molecularly (using DNA analysis), whereas Prionospio branchilucida and other species for which molecular sampling was impracticable were identified solely based on physical morphology. Since molecular analysis does not require distinguishing subtle physiological differences, it is_______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Charline Effah is a novelist from Minvoul, Gabon, who has earned international acclaim in recent years. Writers of other literary forms, such as poetry and drama, are less likely to be recognized beyond their nations' borders, but many are still well _____ Malika Ouattara, for example, is a celebrated slam poet from Burkina Faso.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

As exemplified by Sakha songs about local ecosystems and Kaluli songs about rainforest sounds, ecological information can be transmitted in Indigenous songs, and in some instances is maintained only in this way. Kwaxsistalla Wathl'thla, a song keeper for the Kwakwaka'wakw people in Canada, collaborated with ethnobiologist Dana Lepofsky et al., sharing songs referencing terraced intertidal clam gardens the people implemented in the past to foster healthy development of a dietary staple. Drawing on archaeological evidence as well, Lepofsky et al. determined that the prevalence of the practice described in the songs corresponded with growth in clam size and abundance despite increased harvesting pressure-a finding that demonstrates that _____

 

Which choice most logically completes the text?

The length of bird eggs varies widely across species, and an ecological _____ compared the lengths of eggs produced by different bird species found Milvus migrans eggs to be longer, on average, than Gallinula chloropus eggs.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Many works of the Roman historian Suetonius (1st century CE), including his book on miscellaneous topics, Pratum, have been lost to time. Antiquarians______to read one of Suetonius's extant works---not one known only through references to it by other authors, that is---might instead procure a copy of his De vita caesarum, a biography of the Roman Empire's first leaders.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) tracks comparative price list data for its thirty-eight member countries. According to this data, in July 2021, a "basket" of goods and services priced at 100 US dollars (USD) in the United States would have cost 80 USD in fellow OECD member _____

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The Suzuki method is an approach to music instruction _____ to teach music in the same natural way children learn language, emphasizes retaining and reviewing previously learned pieces of music. In Suzuki piano instruction, students begin their musical education with simple folk songs like "The Honeybee."

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

When Fiji joined Interpol---the International Criminal Police _____ in 1971, the Fiji National Police Intelligence Bureau gained access to the combined resources of law enforcement agencies from around the globe.

 

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

 

Neuroscientist Kiyohito ligaya and colleagues developed a computational model to predict how much a person will enjoy a particular work of art on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). They then recruited participants to use the same scale to rate several sets of paintings in various styles and calculated the correlation between the ratings predicted by the model and those reported by the participants. Assuming participant P1 gave equal ratings to the impressionist and color-field paintings, the data in the graph suggest that the model predicted that______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the statement?

During the 1952 New York ticker-tape parade for US Olympic champions, the ribbonlike swirls descending on the scene were paper spools from "tickers," telegraph machines used to transmit stock prices. Of course, the original ticker tape had long since been retired by the 1986 parade for the New York Mets. _____ shredded standard paper enriched the celebration.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In 2015, geologist Peter Rogerson calculated that the geographic center of Kansas was a point 2.1 miles southeast of the municipality of Bushton Bend. Rogerson's calculation was more accurate than the one from 1920 by the US Geological Survey. _____ this earlier calculation was made using far more rudimentary equipment-only cardboard and string.

 

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Honda's introduction of a walk-behind lawnmower in 1978 is an instance of brand extension-the company leveraged its brand recognition as an automobile manufacturer to enter a product category where it had not previously competed. To determine if perceived category similarity predicts consumers' likelihood of purchasing brand extensions, Alicia Grasby et al. identified 30 extended-brand pairs (e.g., the same brand of hand lotion and mouthwash) in 52 weeks of purchases by approximately 60,000 households; for each pair, Grasby et al. had consumers rate the similarity of the product categories and calculated the change in probability of a brand in one category being purchased if the same brand was purchased in the other category.

 

Which finding, if true, would provide evidence that the possibility Grasby et al. investigated does occur?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

• A river's stream length is the length of a line that follows along the river path.

• A river's valley length is the length of a straight line drawn from the beginning of the river to the end.

• The river's curviness, or sinuosity, is the ratio of the river's stream length to its valley length.

• Low-sinuosity rivers have a stream length 1-1.5 times longer than their valley length, and high-sinuosity rivers have a stream length 1.5 or more times longer than their valley length.

• The Mississippi River in the United States has high sinuosity:

• The Neales River in Australia has low sinuosity.

The student wants to compare the curviness of the two rivers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

• Grimanesa Amoros is a Peruvian American artist well known for her LED light sculptures.

• Her sculpture Uros House is made of smooth multicolored LED domes.

• It occupies 250 cubic feet of space.

• Her sculpture Golden Waters is made of entangled blue and white LED tubes.

• It occupies 118,080 cubic feet of space.

The student wants to emphasize a similarity between Uros House and Golden Waters. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

• Generally, an object will heat up when twisted.

• The twisting of an object is known as torsion.

• A 2019 study led by Zunfeng Liu and Ray Baughman tested the torsional heating of various fibers.

• When a 0.7 -millimeter-thick sample of single-ply nickel-titanium (NiTi) wire was twisted, its average surface temperature increased by .

• When a 2.2 -millimeter-thick sample of natural rubber fiber was twisted, its average surface temperature increased by.

The student wants to contrast the two samples. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 

• Merle Oberon (1911-1979) was an actress born in Mumbai (then known as Bombay). India.

• She was of Indian, Maori, and Irish heritage.

• She was the first Indian-born actress to be nominated for an Academy Award.

• Early in her career, she played many nameless, uncredited roles, such as her role in The Three Passions (1928).

• Later, she played many named, credited roles, such as Marjorie Ismay in Forever and a Day (1943).

The student wants to emphasize the order in which the two films were released. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?