SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

As discussed by scholar Anna Mladentseva, many artworks produced in themid-1990s to the early 2000s exclusively for exhibition on the internet, such as Sinae Kim's Genesis (2001), have become inaccessible because viewing them requires the use of_____ software (most notably Adobe Flash, discontinued in 2021).

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Proposals to raise the age at which retirees begin receiving government transfers of funds are generally discussed in terms of the effects on transfer recipients, but Andria Smythe has argued that delaying such transfers could ___ wealth creation among working adults by lengthening the period in which they are providing financial support to their nonworking parents.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In the 2010s, the price of vintage He-Man action figures rose dramatically, which had the counter intuitive effect of _ demand: buyers who hadn't previously wanted to purchase old action figures thronged the market, believing prices would continue to rise and the toys could be resold later ata profit.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In 2015 Filipa Faleiro and colleagues published a study concluding that ocean acidification has a strong effect on the behavior of Hippocampus guttulatus, a species of fish. However, Faleiro and colleagues' study relied on a mean sample size of only 6 fish. In a 2022 review of various scientists' conclusions about the impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior, Jeff C.Clements and colleagues caution that relying on such a relatively small sample size can increase the potential for biased analysis. Such analysis, in turn, can contribute to reports of exaggerated effects.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Researchers Cesar A. Hidalgo, Elisa Castaner, and Andres Sevtsuk created a computer model to predict the mix of movie theaters, gyms, and other businesses found in a given neighborhood. How we define a neighborhood and its boundaries is subjective, so the team used a clustering algorithm to locate dense groupings of amenities that represent human-identified neighborhoods like Boston's Harvard Square. The predictive model, which incorporates this algorithm, is sure to be invaluable in determining the optimal mix of a city's amenities.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Yingguang Frank Chan and colleagues have explored how convergent evolution---a phenomenon that occurs when the same trait evolves independently in two reproductively separate lineages---can result from a genetic mechanism shared by both lineages. Meanwhile, Patricia J. Wittkopp and colleagues have investigated how convergence occurs through different genetic mechanisms, but the relative prevalence of convergence through shared and different genetic processes is still poorly understood. This motivated biologists Delbert A, Green ll and Cassandra G, Extavour to evaluate both types of convergence in a single study for their2012 paper

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Text 1

Scholarship today over represents experimentally fragmented narrative structures, such as that of Jean Toomer's Cane, beyond the degree to which they actually influenced fiction in the United States during the modernist period (roughly 1900-1945). Meanwhile, Ellen Glasgow's Barren Ground, whose coherent, linear narrative structure recalls the fiction of previous centuries, attracts woefully little attention from scholars of modernism.

Text 2

Distant reading, or computer-assisted quantitative analysis of massive collections of digitized texts, can reveal stylistic elements that have heretofore escaped notice, despite being shared by numerous texts from the modernist period. For too long, scholars have focused on narrative fragmentation versus coherence, inhibiting inquiry into other points of stylistic correspondence among works that would enrich our understanding of the modernist canon.

Based on the texts, both the author of Text 1 and the author of Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement about scholarship on the modernist period in the United States?

Why do some people with high incomes vote for politicians supporting higher taxes on those with high incomes like themselves? Economists Benjamin Enke et al. propose that values are a luxury good: that is, the higher one's income, the more weight one has the liberty to assign to one's values when voting. Thus, Enke et al. suggest that although the behavior of high-income earners who advocate for higher taxes may seem counter intuitive, such people likely do so because they feel enabled by their economic security to take a stance they think is morally correct.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

There Is Confusion is a 1924 novel by Jessie Redmon Fauset. 1n the novel, the narrator portrays the character Joanna as someone who admires ambition in other people to the exclusion of all other qualities: ____

Which quotation from There ls Confusion most effectively illustrates the claim?

Some herbicides contain copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), which can leach into waterways and soils via wastewater. In a 2012 study, Chengfang Pang and colleagues found that CuO-NPs can accumulate in the bodies of New Zealand mud snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum). While bioaccumulation of manufactured nanoparticles may be inherently worrisome, it has been hypothesized that CuO-NP bioaccumulation in invertebrates like P. antipodarum could serve a valuable proxy role, obviating the need for manufacturers to conduct costly and intrusive sampling of vertebrate species—such as African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis), commonly used in regulatory compliance testing—for nanoparticle bioaccumulation, as environmental protection laws currently require.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the hypothesis presented in the text?

Neurobiologists Laura Cuaya, Raul Hernandez-Perez, and colleagues investigated the language detection abilities of eighteen dogs of various ages. The researchers monitored the brain activity of odin (a 54-month-oldborder collie). Bingo (a 37-month-old mixed breed), and other dogs while the animals listened to three recordings: one of The Little Prince being read in Spanish, the second in Hungarian, and a third made up of short, randomly selected fragments of the first two, scrambled so that they didn't resemble human speech. Each of the dogs was familiar with either Spanish or Hungarian, but not both. The team concluded that the younger the dog, the worse it may be at differentiating between familiar and unfamiliar languages.

Which finding from the study. if true, would most directly support the team's conclusion?

Quasars---such as J0313-1806, located in the Eridanus constellation---are extremely luminous galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes. Quasars range in age, with approximately 200 of them known to have developed within the first billion years of the formation of the universe. Scientific researchers have long wondered how any quasars could have formed so early in the universe's evolution given that conditions are believed to have been ill-suited to their creation, which suggests that ____

Which choice most logically completes the text?

To combat predation by Arizona myotis and other insectivorous bats, many moth species, including Cycnia tenera, emit ultrasonic pulses that, in some cases, disrupt the echolocation bats rely on for foraging, some scientists have hypothesized that this capability evolved because it imposes a lower metabolic cost than does the alternative mechanism of producing chemicals that render moths noxious to bats. Nicholas T. Homziak et al. investigated the acoustic properties of moths' ultrasonic responses to audio of bat echolocation and then assessed the palatability of the ultrasound-producing moths. They found that several moth genera that emit ultrasonic pulses capable of disrupting bat echolocation are unpalatable to bats, suggesting that ____

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Researchers Tony Bolden and Tammy Kernodle have lent their expertise on Black history and music to an important new __ Timeline of African American Music, a digital resource that traces the development of individual musical genres (such as gospel and soul) while also revealing the connections between them.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of standard English?

The Austronesian language family includes Acehnese, Ilokano, and some 1,200 other languages throughout the Pacific, making it one of the largest language families in the world and of keen interest to ___ of Yale University.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Located on the island of Gotland in Sweden, the city of Visby was a member of a powerful mercantile alliance that dominated northern European trade between the 13th and 17^th____Hanseatic League, a loose confederation of cities from eleven modern-day countries that has been described as a precursor to today's European Union.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Nicholas Galanin is known for using video and photography to explore questions of authenticity in the identification and presentation of Native art. The acclaimed Tlingit/Aleut artist was awarded a 2013 fellowship by the Eiteljorg Museum, whose extensive collection of artworks by Indigenous peoples of the Americas and other artists of the American West ____ among the best in the world.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Many of the world's most famous animals have lived in the Greater Kruger National Park in South Africa. Between 2006 and 2012, for instance, the ____ prowled the park as part of the dominant Mapogo coalition (band of male lions).

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Star actress Kiki Omeili, who has appeared in 47 Nollywood films, is one of numerous luminaries to be pictured in Nigerian portraitist lke Ude's exhibition Nollywood Portraits. __ referred to Nollywood---Nigeria's s3billion film industry---as "Africa's vivid mirror par excellence," honors its legacy with his vivid classical portraits of Omeili and her peers.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of standard English?

Today, the Michelin Guide is widely known as the arbiter of fine dining, but when it was created in 1900, it was little more than a marketing gimmick; brothers Andre and Edouard Michelin sought to increase profits for their tire company by encouraging their customers to drive across France, visiting the guide's recommended hotels and restaurants along the way. Nevertheless, the guide soon grew in scope and __ its modest French eateries were replaced with some of the most esteemed restaurants from around the world, including Hajime in Osaka and Kitcho Arashiyama in Kyoto.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of standard English?

With many elements, like osmium, scientists were able to isolate a relatively pure sample of the substance shortly after discovering its existence. ___ this wasn't the case with all elements. The process of isolating magnesium, for example, took years---53, to be precise.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Newer offshore wind turbines often outperform older models. For example. Denmark's offshore wind farm, built in 1995, has wind turbines that generate about 1 megawatt (MW) of electricity each.            China's jiangsu Qidong offshore wind farm, built in 2021, has turbines that can generate about 6 MW of electricity each.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Raymond is the nickname of a dinosaur fossil specimen from the Late Cretaceous period.

• The Late Cretaceous period ended more than 65 million years ago.

• Raymond is a member of the genus Triceratops.

• Raymond is on display at the National Museum of Nature and Science.

• The National Museum of Nature and Science is in Tokyo. Japan.

The student wants to specify Raymond's location. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

• ln a 2005 study. Rotundo and Aguiar tested the effect of plant litter on seedling emergence in a grassland setting.

• Plant litter includes dead leaves and other plant material.- The test site was a dry grassland in Argentina.

• lt was in a midlatitude/semidesert climate.

• The researchers found that in these environmental conditions the presence of plant litter had a positive effect on seedling emergence.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to specify the characteristics of the test site?

• Merle Oberon (1911-1979) was an actress born in Mumbai (then known as Bombay), India.

• She was of Indian, Maori, and Irish heritage.

• She was the first Indian-born actress to be nominated for an Academy Award.

• Early in her career. she played many nameless, uncredited roles, such as her role in The Three Passions (1928).

• Later, she played many named, credited roles. such as Empress Josephine in Desiree (1954).

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to begin a narrative about Merle Oberon's life?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Louis Ballard was a classical composer and citizen of the Quapaw Tribe.

• He sought to synthesize Western classical music with elements of various Native musical traditions.

• Ballard's composition Pan Indian Rhythms incorporates Ute notched sticks, a traditional Native instrument.

• Ethnomusicologist Tara Browner writes that Ballard's classical music "relies on Indigenous instruments, rhythms, forms....and other musical elements."

The student wants to connect the quotation from Browner to a specific composition. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?