SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

The Beirut Stock Exchange in Beirut, Lebanon, connects companies operating in Lebanon with potential investors. This is a valuable service since the time and expense necessary to find individual investors might otherwise be__ for these companies: many of the companies could not operate if they had to do everything necessary to find investors for themselves.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A casual description of Scherezade Garcia's 2019 mural Blame It on the Bean: The Power of Coffee can make the work seem_____---a painting that is housed in a coffee shop and that depicts three women drinking coffee may not sound particularly ambitious---but in fact the work is a complex, dynamic meditation on gender and the legacy of colonialism that demands serious attention.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Some robots such as Actroid (developed in 2003) and Auriga(developed in 2011) are designed to resemble humans so that people will find it easier to interact with them. To that end, certain features such as bipedal locomotion can help to _____ people's feelings of comfort, but a robot that looks too human can fall into the "uncanny valley," meaning that its appearance unintentionally unsettles those who encounter it.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The Cygne is just one of approximately three million known historical shipwrecks spread throughout the world's oceans, and their impact on sea life and underwater ecosystems is of great interest to researchers. Leila Hamdan and colleagues were particularly curious about the effects of wooden shipwrecks on seafloor microbial communities. The researchers studied two wooden shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico by placing pieces of pine and oak between zero and 200 meters away from each shipwreck to collect samples of three kinds of microbes: bacteria, archaea, and fungi. They found that across the three microbial communities, peak diversity and richness was observed on pine and oak samples placed approximately125 meters from the shipwrecks.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

The following text is from Lady Gregory's 1904 play Spreading the News.Mrs. Tarpey, Bartley, and Mrs. Fallon have been buying and selling goods at the local fair.
MRS.TARPEY: Good morrow, Bartley Fallon; good morrow, Mrs. Fallon.Well, Bartley, you'll find no cause for complaining to-day; they are all saying it was a good fair.
BARTLEY : (Raising his voice.) lt was not a good fair, Mrs. Tarpey. It was a scattered sort of a fair. If we didn't expect more, we got less. That's the way with me always; whatever I have to sell goes down and whatever 1 have to buy goes up. If there's ever any misfortune coming to this world, it's on myself it pitches, like a flock of crows on seed potatoes.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

Community science, which involves professional scientists collaborating with amateur science enthusiasts to study a topic, is often an effective and engaging way to conduct research. It can allow people to assist with conservation efforts, spark youth interest in science, and increase the amount of data researchers can collect. This approach was essential to the success of a study by biologist Abbigail Merrill and colleagues of how butterfly color relates to flower choice, which included findings from hundreds of students and community members in northwestern Arkansas.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Text 1

In separate studies, Marine Fernandez and colleagues and Hualiang Zhang and colleagues examined whether plants transfer nutrients to one another using a common mycorrhizal network (CMN)---a lattice of fungal strands in the soil. Fernandez and colleagues excluded all pathways other than the CMN by using barriers to keep the plants' root systems separate while allowing mycorrhizal strands through---a crucial step Zhang and colleagues' study did not take.

Text 2

Fernandez and colleagues took the necessary precaution of separating the plants' root systems (thereby excluding root-to-root transmission). However, any barrier used must allow the thread-like hyphae of a CMN to pass through, and this permeability would also allow liquids through. Thus, the researchers' experimental design cannot ensure that any nutrient transfer observed can be attributed to a CMN and not to some other pathway.

Based on the texts, the author of Text 1 and the author of Text 2 would most likely give the same answer to which question?

Using the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), a team of astronomers mapped out the magnetic field of G47, one of the Milky Way's galactic bones (dense clouds of gas and dust that run through the middle of the arm of a spiral galaxy). Surprisingly, the map revealed a magnetic field with no clear pattern or direction. The researchers had expected the magnetic field to be similar to the more uniform fields seen in galactic bones in other arms of the Milky Way.

According to the text, what was surprising about the researchers' mapping of the magnetic field of galactic bone G47?

The following text is from Anthony Trollope's 1855 novel The Warden. The narrator is describing a rectory, the residence of a clergyperson.

There was an air of heaviness about the rooms which might have been avoided without any sacrifice of propriety; colours might have been better chosen and lights more perfectly diffused; but perhaps in doing so the thorough clerical aspect of the whole might have been somewhat marred; at any rate, it was not without ample consideration that those thick, dark, costly carpets were put down; those embossed, but sombre [wallpapers] hung up; those heavy curtains draped so as to half exclude the light of the sun.

What does the text most strongly suggest about the rooms in the rectory?

The following text is from Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1830 short story "Sir William Phips."
Few of the personages of past times (except such as have gained renown in fireside legends as well as in written history) are anything but mere names to their successors. They seldom stand up in our Imaginations like men. The knowledge, communicated by the historian and biographer, is analogous to that which we acquire of a country by the map,---minute, perhaps, and accurate, and available for all necessary purposes, but cold and naked, and wholly destitute of the mimic charm produced by landscape painting.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

In what is now Minnesota, the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community operates the Hocokata Ti, a cultural center. Relying on traditional knowledge to guide the design of exhibits, this institution presents Dakota history and culture to the tribe's citizens. The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, a tribe in North Dakota, employs a similar strategy in its own cultural center. Both centers contrast with museums that aren't Indigenous-led; when displaying Indigenous artifacts, such museums tend to anticipate mainly non-Indigenous audiences and rely on Euro-centric strategies for designing exhibits.

The text best supports which conclusion about the cultural center operated by the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa?

The bird species Saltator grossus (the slate-colored grosbeak), which weighs about 45 grams,and Microbates collaris (the collared gnatwren), which weighs about 10 grams, share territory in French Guiana with Thamnomanes caesius (the cinereous antshrike), which emits a loud alarm call when it detects predators.Biologist Ari Martinez and colleagues, who studied the ecological community these species share, hypothesized that since there is an inverse relationship between body size and vulnerability to predation, there will also be an inverse relationship between body size and sensitivity to predator warning signals from neighboring species.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support Martinez and colleagues' hypothesis?

Scholars cite Mr: President, the 1946 novel by Guatemalan author Miguel Angel Asturias, as a foundational text of magical realism, the Latin American style of fiction in which antirealistic plot devices-often borrowed from the spiritual and narrative traditions of Indigenous and colonial societies in the Americas-are deployed in an otherwise realistic mode of representation typical of the modern novel. This style has exerted a decisive influence on authors around the world, including Olga Tokarczuk, whose 1996 novel Primeval and other Times resembles classic magical realist novels in its juxtaposition of literary realism with folklore--namely, that of Poland.

Which quotation from a literary scholar would most directly support the claim in the underlined portion of the text?

The Bronze Age in Britain lasted from around 2500 BCE to approximately 700 BCE. Collections of metal items (called hoards) from all periods of the Bronze Age have been found in Britain, including the Arreton Down hoard of artifacts from the 17th century BCE, unearthed around 1735, and the much later Hollingbourne hoard of artifacts from the 10th century BCE, unearthed around 2003. Sometime in the Middle Bronze Age (approximately from the 14th century BCE to the 10th century BCE), metalsmiths in Britain began to develop swords for the first time. This fact helps explain why, whereas evidence of sword production was found in _____

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Mongolia, which, according to international indices, has relatively strong democratic institutions and low intranational income inequality, experienced an inflation rate of 4.30% in 2017, whereas Cameroon, which shows the opposite pattern on such indices, had an inflation rate of only0.64% that year Such comparisons have engendered speculation that by diluting control over the economy, democratic institutions inhibit states' ability to counteract inflationary pressures. To test this possibility systematically, Raj Desai et al. examined democratic strength, intranational inequality, and inflation in more than 100 countries, finding that democratic strength, if associated with low inequality, restrains inflationary pressures, suggesting that _____

Which choice most logically completes the text?

During the decades-long movement to codify the rights of Latinos in the US, certain events were pivotal: the founding of veteran rights group the American GI Forum in____ Mendez v. Westminster court decision in 1946, which affirmed the rights of Latino students, is another such event.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Sociologist Alton Okinaka sits on the review board tasked with adding new sites to the Hawai'i Register of Historic Places, which includes Menehune Fishpond, a historic Hawaiian fishpond, and the Wailuku School, built in 1904. Okinaka doesn't make such decisions single-handedly, _____ historical designations must be approved by a group of nine other experts.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Photographer Maria Svarbova has reached audiences well beyond her home country of Slovakia. In 2016, her work was featured at an international photography festival in___ the exhibited photographs, with their vivid pastel colors, overexposed tones, and mirror like symmetry, captivated audiences.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Recently unearthed Neronian tools in France dating to 54,000 years ago and attributed to Homo sapiens may provide evidence that interactions between Neanderthals and modern humans occurred 10,000 years earlier than was previously          finding that, if true, would overturn current theories about H. sapiens migration during the Upper Paleolithic.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Though he's performed on many respected albums, including Loud Jazz by John Scofield, drummer Dennis Chambers may be best known for his time as house drummer for the hip-hop label Sugar Hill Records. He did not play drums on the label's classic song" Rapper's _____ he joined the label after the song's release.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Scientists were able to isolate a relatively pure sample of neon in 1898, the same year they first discovered the element's existence. __ the isolation process took longer for erbium, which was isolated in its pure form 91 years after scientists first discovered it.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The method used in 1920 by the US Geological Survey to calculate the geographic center of Wyoming, involving a cardboard cutout of the state and a piece of string, seems rudimentary today. __ the center found in a 2015 study using far more advanced technology differed from the original by just a few miles, proving the original method to be relatively accurate.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A 2022 study by researchers Hala Altamimi and Qiaozhen Liu investigated the relationship between nonprofit arts organizations' spending and performance. __the researchers examined the correlation between how much 22,328 US arts nonprofits spent on overhead---operational costs such as equipment and fundraising---and how many people attended their events (a measure of overall success).

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Though Middle English was widely spoken in fourteenth-century England, the English language was rarely employed in literature until poet Geoffrey Chaucer helped pioneer its literary use.__ his manuscripts contain the first documented uses of over 2,000 English words---like the word "digestion" in his 1395 poem"The Squire's Tale"---which led a contemporary to dub him"the first finder of our fair language."

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Merle Oberon (1911-1979) was an actress born in Mumbai (then known as Bombay), India. She was of Indian, Maori, and Irish heritage. She was the first Indian-born actress to be nominated for an Academy Award. Early in her career, she played many nameless, uncredited roles, such as her role in strange Evidence (1933). Later, she played many named, credited roles, such as Jill Baker in That Uncertain Feeling(1941).

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to specify Merle Oberon's role in That Uncertain Feeling (1941)?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

Auteur theory is a view of filmmaking that positions the director as the primary author of a film.

This now dominant theory was coined by film critic Andrew Sarris. In a 1963 rebuttal, film critic Pauline Kael argued that film authorship should be shared among screenwriters, directors, and others involved in the filmmaking process. In a 2006 book, film critic David Kipen proposed"schreiber theory." Schreiber theory repositions the screenwriter as the primary author of a film.

The student wants to compare Kipen's theory of film authorship with Sarris's. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?