SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Whether the reign of a French monarch such as Charles VIll or Henry I was considered historically significant or, conversely, relatively _____, its trajectory was shaped by questions of legitimacy and therefore cannot be understood without a corollary understanding of the factors that allowed the monarch to assert a claim to the throne successfully.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Barring major archaeological discoveries, we are unlikely to ever have           account of ancient Egypt under the female pharaoh Hatshepsut, as much of the evidence of her reign was deliberately destroyed by her successors.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The Roc-aux-Sorciers frieze---a group of relief carvings of animals found in what is now France and dating from around 14,000 years ago-is sometimes said to be emotionally powerful despite its age, but in fact the frieze is ______ precisely because of its age. It is the link of shared humanity with the artist across so many centuries that gives the Roc-aux-Sorciers frieze such resonance.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Amsterdam has high pedestrian traffic, but simply replicating a feature of Amsterdam associated with walk ability - e g, its high number of relatively short blocks-may be insufficient to induce increased walking in other cities. As urbanist Mariela Alfonzo argues, our understanding of individuals' decision-making about whether to walk is insufficiently robust: some studies emphasize the role of climate conditions, others the role of recreational amenities, and so on, but walking decisions are made in complex contexts in which multiple conditions and needs inform individuals' choices.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

text 1

Scholarship today overrepresents formal experimentation, such as William Carlos Williams's use of minimalistic,image-based structures,well beyond the degree to which it actually influenced US poetry during the modernist period (roughly 1900-1945).Meanwhile, the work of Countee Cullen, who relied on conventional poetic forms associated with previous literary periods, attracts woefully little attention from scholars of modernism.

Text 2

Distant reading. or computer-assisted quantitative analysis of massive collections of digitized texts, can reveal stylistic elements that have heretofore escaped notice, despite being shared by numerous texts from the modernist period. For too long, scholars have focused on experimental versus conventional poetic forms, inhibiting inquiry into other points of stylistic correspondence among poems that would enrich our understanding of the modernist canon.

Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely regard the emphasis that Text 1 places on poetic form during the modernist period?

In her 1998 book Blues Legacies and Black Feminism. Angela Y, Davis bases her analysis in part on recordings of songs sung in the 1920s by Gertrude"Ma" Rainey and Bessie Smith. Davis focuses on how Rainey and Smith improvised the lyrics-replacing the original lines with mischievous joke sand wordplay. Davis's work was particularly labor intensive because in order to transcribe, or write down, the lyrics as Rainey and Smith sang them, Davis had to listen repeatedly to the vinyl recordings, which weren't very clear

What does the text most strongly suggest about the songs sung by Rainey and Smith?

Rafael Nunez and colleagues studied how members of the Yupno, an Indigenous group in Papua New Guinea, conceptualize time. The researchers recorded Yupno speakers explaining certain temporal word sand phrases, such as abjuk, a present-oriented expression that translates to "now," and coded each speaker's manual gestures. Previous research has found a tendency in many cultures to make temporal distinctions using spatial concepts and gestures, particularly along egocentric axes (ie, relative to the orientation of the speaker): for instance, English speakers often refer to the front/back axis to describe events in time. In an anthropology paper, a student claims that the tendency toward ego-based conceptualizations of time is universal.

Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the student's claim?

Neurobiologists Laura Cuaya, Raul Hernandez-Perez, and colleagues investigated the language detection abilities of eighteen dogs. There searchers monitored the brain activity of Bran (a border collie), Alma(a mixed breed), and other dogs while the animals listened to three recordings: one of The Little Prince being read in Spanish, the second in Hungarian, and a third made up of short, randomly selected fragments of the first two, scrambled so that they didn't resemble human speech. Each dog was familiar with either Spanish or Hungarian, but not both. The team concluded that differences in dogs anatomical features may affect their ability to distinguish speech from nonspeech.

Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly support the team's conclusion?

The onsets of growing seasons in Alaska have been shifting earlier, potentially enabling increased carbon dioxide (CO₂)absorption through greater productivity of mooseberry (Viburnum edule) plants and other vegetation, but also potentially enabling increased CO₂ output through greater heterotrophic respiration (CO₂ generated by the activity of soil microorganisms). Hydrologist Yonghong Yi and her colleagues modeled seasonal changes in net CO₂, in Alaska in a landscape grid of 1 square kilometer(km²)cells and again in a grid of 10 km²cells, which are finer resolutions than most models of net CO₂have achieved. The researchers concluded that variations in the landscape affect net CO₂ in ways that most models are too coarse to capture.

Which finding from the researchers' study, if true, would most directly support the researchers' conclusion?

Indigenous songs can be repositories of ecological information, from Yi songs about the natural environment to Tlingit songs about wildlife encounters. Kwakwaka'wakw song keeper Kwaxsistalla Wathl'thla aided research by ethnobiologist Dana Lepofsky et al. by contributing songs that reference creating terraced intertidal gardens to foster the healthy development of clams, a staple in the Kwakwaka'wakw people's diet.Such structures date as far back as 3,500 years ago.Intriguingly, analysis of local paleoecological marine bivalve records has revealed significant increases in clam size and productivity as clam garden practices became more prevalent and harvesting pressure increased-a finding that bolsters the notion that___

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Saeed MZA Tarabieh conducted a study of consumer attitudes toward Jordanian food and beverage companies and found that for consumers who value environmental conservation, their likelihood of purchasing a product decreased when their perception of the product's risk of causing environmental harm increased. Subsequently, other researchers conducted a study of various demographic groups in China, investigating participants' intentions to purchase a new television, and found that, on average, rural residents had the highest perception among all the demographic groups in the study of the environmental risks of the TV. Assuming that the results of Tarabieh's study are broadly applicable, this finding suggests that________.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Quasars-such as APM 08279+5255, located in the Lynx constellation-are extremely luminous galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes, some of which are known to have developed within the first billion years of the formation of the universe.Based on simulations they conducted, astrophysicists Daniel Whalen.Muhammad Latif, and colleagues concluded that these early quasars developed partly as a result of rare convergences of gases in space without the need for ultraviolet backgrounds or other extreme and implausible environmental conditions that models of the early universe have included to account for the presence of these quasars. If this conclusion is correct, it suggests that __

Which choice most logically completes the text?

The present-day city of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan, was for years the capital of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, one of many nominally autonomous republics within the Soviet Union. Like ______ peer autonomous Soviet socialist republics, the Nakhchivan Republic was established along ethnolinguistic lines: most of the republic's residents spoke Azerbaijani

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Jordan's constitution, enacted in 1952, contains just one of the six constitutional features that enhance judicial independence, as identified by legal scholars James Melton and Tom Ginsburg. After 1985, such de jure judicial independence became more prevalent, as exemplified in Croatia's constitution, enacted in 1991 and_______four of these features.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The Limón technique, developed by Mexican-born dancer and choreographer Jose Limón, is known for its emphasis on breath control and its interplay of weight and          dancers may explore, for example, the moment of mid-air suspension at the top of a jump.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms ta the conventions of Standard English?

Chondrites are stony meteorites that are undifferentiated-that is, their contents have not melted and separated into distinct layers. They are hardly_______many chondrites experience aqueous alteration as a result of exposure to fluids, as well as fracturing, veining, and localized melting due to collisions with other objects.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Named for the year in which it was detected by American astronomers, SN2020fqv was a supernova(the explosion of a massive ____in the constellation Virgo,60 million light-years from Earth, the transient yet powerful blast propelled particles and debris into space at extremely high speeds

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Over the years, dozens of architectural and archaeological sites important to Hawaiian history and culture, such as the Haena Archeological Complex and the Bank of Hawaii-Haiku Branch, have been added to the Hawaii Register of Historic Places, and each year, a review board of experts that includes sociologist Alton Okinaka and architect Katie Stephens gathers to            which sites to add next to the growing registry.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English;

Not all plants benefit equally or from the same kind of __ cucumber and marigold, for example, benefit from endomycorrhizal associations; many tree species, such as pine and oak, benefit from ectomycorrhizal associations; and plants in the Brassica family, such as rutabaga,don't benefit from mycorrhizae at all.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English？

Those who looked up at the right time on September 9, 1904, would have witnessed a total solar eclipse, during which the Moon completely blocks the Sun. ______ stargazers on December 25, 1935, would have seen an annular solar eclipse, during which the Moon blocks most of the Sun and causes it to look like a ring of light.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

With many elements, like neon, scientists were able to isolate a relatively pure sample of the substance shortly after discovering its existence-but this wasn't the case with all elements. ______the isolation process took years. The element erbium, for instance,was discovered in 1843 but not isolated until 1934

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In Tino Villanueva's 2016 poem "Field of Moving Colors Layered," the poet contemplates a painting that has inspired him: Alberto Valdes's 1965 work Untitled. The painting, which features overlapping geometric shapes, fuels the poem's exploration of temporality and identity. ______ in responding to Valdes's artwork, Villanueva's poem reflects on the relationship between poetry and other art forms.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

·Grimanesa Amoros is a Peruvian American artist.

·She is well known for her large-scale LED light sculptures.

·Substancial (Phase 4) debuted in 2007 at the Hudson River Community Health Center in Peekskill, New York.

·It is made of iridescent multicolored LED domes.

·It occupies 2,816 cubic feet of space.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to emphasize when and where Substancial (Phase 4) debuted?

·Ynes Mexia was a Mexican American botanist.

·Between 1917 and 1938,she collected over 150,000 botanical samples throughout the Americas.

·She collected a sample of Achyrocline vauthieriana in Minas Gerais, Brazil, on May 3, 1930

·She collected a sample of Vernonia liatroides in Jalisco, Mexico,on February 14, 1927

·These specimens are members of the Asteraceae family.

·They can now be viewed online at the CV Starr Virtual Herbarium.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to emphasize when she collected both of the samples?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

·Thailand's annual Songkran Water Festival is held each April.

·It marks Songkran, the traditional Thai New Year.

·People splash and spray each other for fun at the festivals community-wide water fights.

·In Bangkok, thousands gather along Silom Road for the city's largest water fight

·In Chiang Mai, thousands gather at a historical monument called the Tha Phae Gate for the city's largest water fight.

The student wants to emphasize a similarity in how people in Bangkok and Chiang Mai celebrate Songkran. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

·In a 2012 study. Dybzinski and Tilman tested the effect of plant litter on seedling emergence in a grassland setting.

·Plant litter includes dead leaves and other plant material.

·The test site was a flooded grassland in the United States.

·It was in a temperate midlatitude climate.

·The researchers found that in these environmental conditions the presence of plant litter had a negative effect on seedling emergence.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to specify the test site's climate?