SAT Pastpaper with Solutions

Chapter 99

2024.03 : B (analysis included）

READING 2 · 27 questions

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Although Alfred E,Green's 1950 film The Jackie Robinson Story and
Ossie Davis's 1970 film Cotton Comes to Harlem may have had
some______at the time of their initial release.their place in
critics' estimations is now more secure.In 2018,for example,critics for
the New York Times described the former as "irresistible"and the
latter as "especially pointed."

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

Aimitators
Bcollaborators
Cprecursors
Ddetractors

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Political scientists have found that although voters claim to prefer
candidates who have nuanced perspectives on issues and who show a
willingness to compromise.when asked to compare speeches expressing such
views with speeches expressing__views,voters tend to regard the
unyielding rhetoric of the latter more favorably.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

AdogmaticBvacillating
Cbanal
Ddisingenuous

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

According to a board-gaming website,the game The Resistance:Avalon has
an average website-user rating of 7.6 out of 10. Although average
ratings can be misleading when only a few users have rated the game.The
Resistance:Avalon has been rated by over 22,000 users,which is an
_____number to feel confident that the average rating is reliable.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

AexcessiveBadequateCaccurateDinsufficient

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

A number of recording artists______distinctions between Indigenous music and other musical styles. For example, Wolastoq musician Jeremy Dutcher incorporated traditional Wolastoq songs into experimental pop on his album Wolastoqiyik Lintuwakonawa,and Wayuu singer-songwriter Lido Pimienta combined Afro-Indigenous music from Colombia with Latin pop on her album Miss Colombia.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

AreplaceBobserveCrejectDdisguise

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Today composer Scott Joplin is mainly celebrated tor his catchy
ragtime pieces "Maple Leaf Rag"and "The Entertainer."However,by
overlooking his less famous works,listeners will miss the full range of
Joplin's creativity.For instance,his waltz"Pleasant Moments"and his
opera Treemonisha skillfully blend ragtime and classical music.These
masterpieces deserve as much fame as Joplin's biggest hits.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

ATo explain how Joplin learned to compose and perform ragtime music.BTo describe the similarities and differences between ragtime music and
opera.CTo encourage music lovers to listen to music by many different
composers.DTo argue that more attention should be given to Joplin's lesser-known
works.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

The Iunian Mission,first published in 1981 ,is a novel in Patrick
O'Brian's Aubrey,Maturin series,which includes twenty completed
books.Some critics have found fault with the abrupt endings of The
Iunian Mission and other books in the series.saying that they do not
finish conclusively but arbitrarily stop.But other critics argue that
the books should not bethought of as discrete texts with traditional
beginnings and endings but as a single incredibly long work,similar to
other multivolume stories,such as Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost
Time.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

ATo present a reason the unusual structure that O'Brian uses for The
Iunian Mission makes it one of his most complex books.BTo describe a characteristic of the Aubrey Maturin novels and offer
two differing view points on this characterlstic.CTo explain why many critics find the Aubrey Maturin novels to be
remarkably entertaining despite flaws in the novels' structures.DTo argue that the Aubrey Maturin series should have the literary
renown of In Search of Lost Time.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Text 1

Isaac Asimov, author of Nemesis and The Stars Like Dust, is highly regarded despite his mediocre writing style. His prose is workmanlike: his characters are flat and discuss ideas rather than emotions. That his work is enjoyable despite this is a testament to his prodigious imagination—even if people read his books only for the ideas, they will have plenty to consider.

Text 2

Asimov is critiqued for his style, but it is wrong to fault a writer for failing to do what he never intended to do. For example, although most of his novel Foundation consists of people discussing science and politics and we find out little about his characters' lives, Asimov wanted to convey the vast sweep of human history over centuries, and one of his points is that at such a timescale, individuals don't matter. Thus his lack of characterization is central to Asimov's thematic aims.

Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to the evaluation of Asimov's writing style in the underlined claim in Text 1?

By arguing that Asimov's writing styles should be judged against the styles of historians rather than those of fiction writers.

By asserting that Asimov's minimal characterization is likely a conscious choice that helps him convey an important idea.

By pointing out that the flatness of Asimov's characters is a feature of Nemesis and The Stars Like Dust but not of Foundation.

By agreeing that Asimov's prose is flawed but disagreeing about the quality of his characters.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Shanlin Liu and colleagues relied on historical DKA(hDNA)—genomic data
incidentally preserved in specimens housed in natural history
collections—to investigate the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros
family (Rhinocerotidae).Although this approach offers unique
benefits,such as the ability to ascertain the biogeographical origins of
organisms,it remains a relatively underutilized resource because hDNA is
often to some extent degraded,a situation not easily remediable under
current methodologIcal paradigms and with extant DNA extraction and
analysis technologies.

Information in the text best supports which statement about hDNA?

AIt may be underused because of is controversial status among
scientists.BIt tends to be much mare degraded than other types of DNA of
comparable age.CIt may yield insights that other types of genomic data cannot.DIt has thus far proved valuable mainly to researchers studying mammals.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Meredith E.Protas and colleagues have explored how convergent
evolution-a phenomenon that occurs when the same trait evolves
independently in two reproductively separate lineages—can result from a
genetic mechanism shared by both lineages.Meanwhile，Cynthia C.Steiner
and colleagues have investigated how convergence occurs through
different genetic mechanisms,but the relative prevalence of convergence
through shared and different genetic processes is still poorly
understood.This motivated biologists Delbert A.Green Ⅱ and Cassandra
G.Extavour to evaluate both types of convergence in a single study for
their 2012 paper.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

ABefore Green and Extavour's study, convergent evolution was assumed to
require a shared genetic mechanism between two lineages that share the
trait.BBoth the study by Protas and colleagues and that by Green and Extavour
compare convergence through shared genetic mechanisms to convergence
through different genetic mechanisms.CGreen and Extavour's study addresses convergent evolution more
comprehensively than the studies by Protas and colleagues and Steiner
and colleagues do.
DGreen and Extavour's study was conducted using data from the studies
by Protas and colleagues and Steiner and colleagues.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

A report from an international organization that monitors the numbers of
women serving as judges or magistrates on various nations highest
courts，such as the Supreme Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court
in Belgium and the Supreme Court in Honduras,indicates that,other than
the countries that had more women on these courts in 2013 than in 2009 ,for some the number in 2013 was less than that in 2009,and for
others it was the same in both years.For instance,the number of women
judges and magistrates on high courts in

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the
example?

ABelgium was the same in 2013 as in 2009,but it had more women on its
high courts than either Armenia or Honduras did in 2013.BHonduras was lower in 2013 than in 2009 ,whereas the number in Belgium
was the same in 2013 as in 2009.CArmenia was greater in 2013 than in 2009 ,whereas the number in
Honduras was lower in 2013 than in 2009.DArmenia was greater in 2013 than in 2009 ,whereas the number in
Belgium was the same in 2013 as in 2009.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Over time, marine mollusks called nautilids continually add segments to their shells,and the chemical composition of each segment is influenced by the available materials in the surrounding water when the segment forms. Paleontologist Amane Tajika and colleagues analyzed the septa (the walls between shell chambers)of one male (samples labeled "M") and one female (samples labeled "F") nautilid, finding that sample F07 had the same concentration of oxygen-18 as did water approximately 135 meters deep and that the oxygen-18 concentration in sample M28 matched that of water at approximately 365 meters deep. Tajika et al, concluded that sample F07 formed at a higher point in the water column than did M28.

Which finding,if true,would most directly support the researchers' conclusion?

In nautilids,sex predicts septa growth rate more strongly than does oxygen-18 concentration in the surrounding water.

Among nautilids,there is no effect of sex on the uptake of oxygen-18 from water or its deposition in septa.

Male nautilids tend to show higher concentrations of oxygen-18 than do female nautilids inhabiting the same point in the water column.

Regardless of sex,nautilids spend most of their lives at depths of 50 meters or greater,where oxygen-18 concentrations typically differ from those higher in the water column.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Callie W.Babbitt,Hema Madaka,and colleagues assembled a database of materials used in consumer electronics by studying products in the lab and by gathering data from similar product studies.The team gave each of these studies a rating for level of traceability (with a higher rating for clearer descriptions of procedures) and for category consistency (with a higher rating for using materials categories more closely aligned with the categories in the teams database). Based on these ratings,a second research team concluded that the methodology was better explained in a study by Lee Ching-Hwa and Hsi Chi-Shiung than it was in a study by Jef R.Peeters and colleagues.

Which finding,if true,would most directly challenge the second research team's conclusion?

The study by Lee and Hsi had a lower consistency rating than the study by Peeters and colleagues did.

The study by Lee and Hsi had a lower traceability rating than the study by Peeters and colleagues did.

The study by Peeters and colleagues had a medium consistency rating and a low traceability rating.

The study by Lee and Hsi had a high consistency rating and a medium traceability rating.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Soil thawing in Alaska has been accelerating in response to climate
warming, potentially enabling increased carbon dioxide (CO₂)absorption
through greater productivity of Port Clarence Indian paintbrush
(Castilleja caudata)plants and other vegetation,but also potentially
enabling increased CO₂ output through greater heterotrophic respiration
(CO₂ generated by the activity of soil microorganisms).Hydrologist
Yonghong Yi and her colleagues developed a model incorporating numerous
inputs—years of soil moisture and snow cover data among them-to evaluate
the effects of warming on the CO₂, balance in Alaska，concluding that net
CO₂ is likely to increase of warming hastens spring snow melt.

Which finding,if true,would most directly support the researchers'
conclusion?

AEarly snow melt slows the growth of plant species such as C.caudata by
reducing soil insulation, and it suppresses heterotrophic respiration.BEarly snow melt amplifies the effect of soil moisture on the growth of
plant species such as C.caudata and on the rate of heterotrophic
respirration.CEarly snow melt reduces the amount of soil moisture available for the
growth of plant species such as C.caudata and it raises the rate of
heterotrophic respiration.DEarly stow melt extends the period in which plant species such asC.caudata can absorb CO₂but has no effect on the rate of heterotrophic
respiration.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging(CLSA-ELCV)is a longitudinal
study surveying approximately 1,000 individuals in Canada to giean
extended trends in aging.To carry out the necessary sampling of the
population over many years.CLSA-ELCVneeds extensive financial
support.but this method provides valuable insights into causal
relationships.However,when questions of causation are irrelevant.as with
a fitness study seeking only to reveal the percentage of regular
exercisers in a city who do weight training.longitudinal methods are
unnecessary,and so___

Which choice mast logically completes the text?

Athe success of the fitness study likely requires significantly less
financial outlay than that needed for CLSA-ELCV.Bthe expense of CLSA- ELCV is likely greater than the cost of
longitudinal studies of fitness.
Clongitudinal methods are suitable for studies of aging but ought to be
avoided for those of fitness.Dconclusions drawn from CLSA-ELCV are likely to be more authoritative
than those from the fitness study.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

The many editions of James Joyce's 1922 novel Ulysses are not
textually identical,and scholars debate which versions reflect Joyce's
authorial intent. One no longer widely read edition is the
1984 "critical and synoptic edition" edited by Hans Walter Gabler, which followed French and German editorial theories rather than
editorial traditions of the United States and United Kingdom and which
was later found to have introduced errors due to Gabler's choice to
consult facsimile manuscripts rather than using only originals.However,
few Joyce scholars worldwide had expertise in such textual issues, and
most of those who did worked on the edition with Gabler. So,it is
unsurprising that initial scholarly reviews of the 1984 edition were
mostly___

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Apositive,since Ulysses is a novel in English and the 1984 edition
would therefore be more widely reviewed in United States and United
Kingdom publications than in French and German publications.Bnegative, since any scholar with expertise in editorial theories of
the United States and United Kingdom as well as French and German
editorial theories must likely worked with Gabler on the 1984 edition
and would therefore not review it.Cnegative, since those Joyce scholars with the necessary expertise to
write a review of the 1984 edition would be aware that facsimile
manuscripts cannot be produced with a high enough fidelity to the
original to ensure that relying on them will not introduce editorial
errors.Dpositive, since scholars who reviewed the 1984 edition were
unaffiliated with its production and were mostly either Joyce
specialists who were largely unfamiliar with editorial theories and
practices or specialists in such theories and practices who were
insufficiently familiar with Joyce.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

In Puerto Rico, it's not unusual for a city or town to be known by a nickname that corresponds to one of its notable features, like landscape,climate,famous residents, or chief exports. For example,the Puerto Rican municipality of Adjuntas has also been called "the Switzerland of Puerto Rico," a nickname that alludes to what the area is well___________its chillier temperatures.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Aknown for:Bknown for;Cknown forDknown:for

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

A region of the Soviet Union encompassing the present-day city of
Sukhumi,Georgia，the Abkhazian-speaking Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet
Socialist Republic was in fact only nominally autonomous.President
Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms，by helping the Abkhaz Republic and other
Soviet republics established along ethnolinguistic lines assert their
prerogatives，____to the Soviet Union's breakup.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

AcontributingBhaving contributedCcontributedDwhich contributed

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Minerals can be classified by how much light passes through them. For
example, all (or almost all) light passes through kainite, which is
classified as ____only some light to pass through, hauyne is instead
classified as translucent.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

Atransparent and allowingBtransparent. AllowingCtransparent, allowingDtransparent allowing

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

The artist Edvard Munch's painting The Scream, symbolically__________to portray the existential anxiety that can occur when facing the unknown, is a highly regarded example of allegory.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

AfunctioningBwas functioningCfunctionsDhas functioned

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

The relationship between genomes and epigenomes reveals how cells
with identical DNA develop different______whereas the genome in
each cell contains a complete DNA sequence, the epigenome consists of
chemical compounds that determine which traits in the sequence will be
expressed.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

Afunctions:Bfunctions,Cfunctions and,Dfunctions

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

That the geographic center of North America lay in the state of North
Dakota was conceded by all ____establishing its precise coordinates
proved more divisive.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

AinvolvedBinvolved;Cinvolved:Dinvolved,

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Monument 4 is the name given to a 19.8-ton stone statue of a human
head that was created during the ancient Olmec civilization.It was
discovered in Tabasco,Mexico,at the La Venta archaeological
site.____at the Tres Zapotes site in the state of Veracruz,another
colossal head statue called Monument Q was discovered.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AElsewhere,BAs a result,Cspecifically,DFor example,

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

In the West African country of the Gambia, the percentage of the
population living in cities increased from 59.2% to 62.6% between 2015
and 2020 : this upward trend in urbaruzation was seen throughout that
part of the continent. ____from 2015 to 2020, the overall percentage of
the West African population living in cities rose from 44.5%to 47 .79%.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

ALater,BIn reality,CNevertheless,DIndeed,

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

Ugandan American professor Peter Nazareth believed that Elvis
Presley's music is best understood not as a homogeneous collection but
as an anthology (because Elvis showcased the contributions of a wide
range of gospel.blues.and rock artists).______Nazareth entitled
his college course on Elvis and his music.which focused on Elvis's many
musical influences,"Elvis as Anthology."

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

AIn addition,BTo that end,CIn sum,DThat is,

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

·A copyright prevents a book's contents from being reproduced
(published)without permission from the copyright holder.
·When a book's copyright expires.the book enters the public domain.
·Public domain books can be legally reproduced by anyone.
·New Hampshire is a poetry collection by Robert Frost.
·It was published in 1923 and entered the public domain on January2019 (ninety-six years later)
Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences
to explain why New Hampshire entered the public domain?

ANew Hampshire,a poetry collection by Robert Frost, is freely available
to the public.BThe copyright to New Hampshire expired in 2019, causing the poetry
collection to enter the public domain.CBefore New Hampshire entered the public domain, only its copyright
holder could give permission for others to reproduce its contents.DOnce New Hampshire entered the public domain, anyone could publish its
contenls.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

While researching a topic.a student has taken the following notes:
·Ixmiquilpan is a municipality in the state of Hidalgo.Mexico.
·Municipalities are governmental regions responsible for providing many
public services to their residents.
·One service they provide is water treatment.
·Ixmiqulpan's population was 98 .654 in 2020
·Hidalgo is divided into 84 municipalities.
The student wants to provide a specific example of what municipalities
provide.Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the
notes to accomplish this goal?

ALxmiquilpan is one of 84 municipalities in Hidalgo.Mexico.BIn 2020 .the municipality of Ixmiquilpan had a population of 98 .654
CWater treatment is just one of the many public services that
municipalities provide,DThe municipality Ixmiquilpan in Hidalgo is responsible for providing
many public services.

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Chapter 99 · 2024.03 : B (analysis included） · READING 2

While researching a topic.a student has taken the following notes:

·The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a ten-point scale that orders
minerals by hardness based on their ability to scratch other minerals.

·Minerals with larger numbers are harder than minerals with smaller
numbers and can leave visible scratches on them.

·Minerals with smaller numbers are softer than minerals with larger
numbers and cannot leave visible scratches on them.

·The mineral calcite has a Mohs scale number of 3

·The mineral orthoclase has a Mohs scale number of 6

·The mineral topaz has a Mohs scale number of 8

The student wants to compare the hardness of calcite and topaz.Which
choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?

AA mineral with a Mohs number of 6，like orthoclase,is harder than one
with a Mohs number of 3 , like calcite.BTopaz can leave visible scratches on calcite,which means that topaz is
harder than calcite.
CTopaz can leave visible scratches on orthoclase.which is why topaz has
a higher number than orthoclase on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.DThe Mohs scale of mineral hardness can be used to order
orthoclase.calcite.and topaz by their ability to scratch other minerals.

READING 2 · 27 questions

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